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323 lines
15 KiB
HTML
323 lines
15 KiB
HTML
4 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
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any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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Invariant Sections being "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover
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Texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b)
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(see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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"GNU Free Documentation License".
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(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
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A GNU Manual
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(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
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You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
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software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
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funds for GNU development. -->
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.4, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>Directory Options (Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC))</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Directory Options (Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC))">
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<meta name="keywords" content="Directory Options (Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC))">
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<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
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<meta name="distribution" content="global">
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<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" rel="index" title="Option Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking-GCC" rel="up" title="Invoking GCC">
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<link href="Code-Gen-Options.html#Code-Gen-Options" rel="next" title="Code Gen Options">
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<link href="Link-Options.html#Link-Options" rel="prev" title="Link Options">
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<style type="text/css">
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<!--
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a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
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blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}
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blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller}
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blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
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div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
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kbd {font-style: oblique}
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pre.display {font-family: inherit}
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pre.format {font-family: inherit}
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pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
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pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
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pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
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pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
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pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
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pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
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span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap}
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span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal}
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span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal}
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ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
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-->
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</style>
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</head>
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<body lang="en">
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<a name="Directory-Options"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Code-Gen-Options.html#Code-Gen-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Code Gen Options</a>, Previous: <a href="Link-Options.html#Link-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Link Options</a>, Up: <a href="Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking-GCC" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GCC</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="Options-for-Directory-Search"></a>
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<h3 class="section">3.15 Options for Directory Search</h3>
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<a name="index-directory-options"></a>
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<a name="index-options_002c-directory-search"></a>
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<a name="index-search-path"></a>
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<p>These options specify directories to search for header files, for
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libraries and for parts of the compiler:
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt><code>-I <var>dir</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>-iquote <var>dir</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>-isystem <var>dir</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>-idirafter <var>dir</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-I"></a>
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<a name="index-iquote"></a>
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<a name="index-isystem"></a>
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<a name="index-idirafter"></a>
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<p>Add the directory <var>dir</var> to the list of directories to be searched
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for header files during preprocessing.
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If <var>dir</var> begins with ‘<samp>=</samp>’ or <code>$SYSROOT</code>, then the ‘<samp>=</samp>’
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or <code>$SYSROOT</code> is replaced by the sysroot prefix; see
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<samp>--sysroot</samp> and <samp>-isysroot</samp>.
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</p>
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<p>Directories specified with <samp>-iquote</samp> apply only to the quote
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form of the directive, <code>#include "<var>file</var>"<!-- /@w --></code>.
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Directories specified with <samp>-I</samp>, <samp>-isystem</samp>,
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or <samp>-idirafter</samp> apply to lookup for both the
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<code>#include "<var>file</var>"<!-- /@w --></code> and
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<code>#include <<var>file</var>><!-- /@w --></code> directives.
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</p>
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<p>You can specify any number or combination of these options on the
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command line to search for header files in several directories.
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The lookup order is as follows:
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</p>
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<ol>
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<li> For the quote form of the include directive, the directory of the current
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file is searched first.
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</li><li> For the quote form of the include directive, the directories specified
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by <samp>-iquote</samp> options are searched in left-to-right order,
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as they appear on the command line.
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</li><li> Directories specified with <samp>-I</samp> options are scanned in
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left-to-right order.
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</li><li> Directories specified with <samp>-isystem</samp> options are scanned in
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left-to-right order.
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</li><li> Standard system directories are scanned.
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</li><li> Directories specified with <samp>-idirafter</samp> options are scanned in
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left-to-right order.
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</li></ol>
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<p>You can use <samp>-I</samp> to override a system header
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file, substituting your own version, since these directories are
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searched before the standard system header file directories.
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However, you should
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not use this option to add directories that contain vendor-supplied
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system header files; use <samp>-isystem</samp> for that.
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</p>
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<p>The <samp>-isystem</samp> and <samp>-idirafter</samp> options also mark the directory
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as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment that
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is applied to the standard system directories.
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</p>
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<p>If a standard system include directory, or a directory specified with
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<samp>-isystem</samp>, is also specified with <samp>-I</samp>, the <samp>-I</samp>
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option is ignored. The directory is still searched but as a
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system directory at its normal position in the system include chain.
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This is to ensure that GCC’s procedure to fix buggy system headers and
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the ordering for the <code>#include_next</code> directive are not inadvertently
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changed.
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If you really need to change the search order for system directories,
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use the <samp>-nostdinc</samp> and/or <samp>-isystem</samp> options.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-I-</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-I_002d"></a>
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<p>Split the include path.
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This option has been deprecated. Please use <samp>-iquote</samp> instead for
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<samp>-I</samp> directories before the <samp>-I-</samp> and remove the <samp>-I-</samp>
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option.
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</p>
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<p>Any directories specified with <samp>-I</samp>
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options before <samp>-I-</samp> are searched only for headers requested with
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<code>#include "<var>file</var>"<!-- /@w --></code>; they are not searched for
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<code>#include <<var>file</var>><!-- /@w --></code>. If additional directories are
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specified with <samp>-I</samp> options after the <samp>-I-</samp>, those
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directories are searched for all ‘<samp>#include</samp>’ directives.
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</p>
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<p>In addition, <samp>-I-</samp> inhibits the use of the directory of the current
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file directory as the first search directory for <code>#include "<var>file</var>"<!-- /@w --></code>. There is no way to override this effect of <samp>-I-</samp>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-iprefix <var>prefix</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-iprefix"></a>
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<p>Specify <var>prefix</var> as the prefix for subsequent <samp>-iwithprefix</samp>
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options. If the prefix represents a directory, you should include the
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final ‘<samp>/</samp>’.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-iwithprefix <var>dir</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>-iwithprefixbefore <var>dir</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-iwithprefix"></a>
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<a name="index-iwithprefixbefore"></a>
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<p>Append <var>dir</var> to the prefix specified previously with
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<samp>-iprefix</samp>, and add the resulting directory to the include search
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path. <samp>-iwithprefixbefore</samp> puts it in the same place <samp>-I</samp>
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would; <samp>-iwithprefix</samp> puts it where <samp>-idirafter</samp> would.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-isysroot <var>dir</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-isysroot"></a>
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<p>This option is like the <samp>--sysroot</samp> option, but applies only to
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header files (except for Darwin targets, where it applies to both header
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files and libraries). See the <samp>--sysroot</samp> option for more
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information.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-imultilib <var>dir</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-imultilib"></a>
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<p>Use <var>dir</var> as a subdirectory of the directory containing
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target-specific C++ headers.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-nostdinc</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-nostdinc"></a>
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<p>Do not search the standard system directories for header files.
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Only the directories explicitly specified with <samp>-I</samp>,
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<samp>-iquote</samp>, <samp>-isystem</samp>, and/or <samp>-idirafter</samp>
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options (and the directory of the current file, if appropriate)
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are searched.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-nostdinc++</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-nostdinc_002b_002b-1"></a>
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<p>Do not search for header files in the C++-specific standard directories,
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but do still search the other standard directories. (This option is
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used when building the C++ library.)
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-iplugindir=<var>dir</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-iplugindir_003d"></a>
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<p>Set the directory to search for plugins that are passed
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by <samp>-fplugin=<var>name</var></samp> instead of
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<samp>-fplugin=<var>path</var>/<var>name</var>.so</samp>. This option is not meant
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to be used by the user, but only passed by the driver.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-L<var>dir</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-L"></a>
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<p>Add directory <var>dir</var> to the list of directories to be searched
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for <samp>-l</samp>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-B<var>prefix</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-B"></a>
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<p>This option specifies where to find the executables, libraries,
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include files, and data files of the compiler itself.
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</p>
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<p>The compiler driver program runs one or more of the subprograms
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<code>cpp</code>, <code>cc1</code>, <code>as</code> and <code>ld</code>. It tries
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<var>prefix</var> as a prefix for each program it tries to run, both with and
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without ‘<samp><var>machine</var>/<var>version</var>/</samp>’ for the corresponding target
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machine and compiler version.
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</p>
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<p>For each subprogram to be run, the compiler driver first tries the
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<samp>-B</samp> prefix, if any. If that name is not found, or if <samp>-B</samp>
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is not specified, the driver tries two standard prefixes,
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<samp>/usr/lib/gcc/</samp> and <samp>/usr/local/lib/gcc/</samp>. If neither of
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those results in a file name that is found, the unmodified program
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name is searched for using the directories specified in your
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<code>PATH</code> environment variable.
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</p>
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<p>The compiler checks to see if the path provided by <samp>-B</samp>
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refers to a directory, and if necessary it adds a directory
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separator character at the end of the path.
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</p>
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<p><samp>-B</samp> prefixes that effectively specify directory names also apply
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to libraries in the linker, because the compiler translates these
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options into <samp>-L</samp> options for the linker. They also apply to
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include files in the preprocessor, because the compiler translates these
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options into <samp>-isystem</samp> options for the preprocessor. In this case,
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the compiler appends ‘<samp>include</samp>’ to the prefix.
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</p>
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<p>The runtime support file <samp>libgcc.a</samp> can also be searched for using
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the <samp>-B</samp> prefix, if needed. If it is not found there, the two
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standard prefixes above are tried, and that is all. The file is left
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out of the link if it is not found by those means.
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</p>
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<p>Another way to specify a prefix much like the <samp>-B</samp> prefix is to use
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the environment variable <code>GCC_EXEC_PREFIX</code>. See <a href="Environment-Variables.html#Environment-Variables">Environment Variables</a>.
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</p>
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<p>As a special kludge, if the path provided by <samp>-B</samp> is
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<samp>[dir/]stage<var>N</var>/</samp>, where <var>N</var> is a number in the range 0 to
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9, then it is replaced by <samp>[dir/]include</samp>. This is to help
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with boot-strapping the compiler.
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</p>
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||
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-no-canonical-prefixes</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-no_002dcanonical_002dprefixes"></a>
|
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<p>Do not expand any symbolic links, resolve references to ‘<samp>/../</samp>’
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or ‘<samp>/./</samp>’, or make the path absolute when generating a relative
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prefix.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>--sysroot=<var>dir</var></code></dt>
|
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<dd><a name="index-sysroot"></a>
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<p>Use <var>dir</var> as the logical root directory for headers and libraries.
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For example, if the compiler normally searches for headers in
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<samp>/usr/include</samp> and libraries in <samp>/usr/lib</samp>, it instead
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searches <samp><var>dir</var>/usr/include</samp> and <samp><var>dir</var>/usr/lib</samp>.
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||
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</p>
|
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<p>If you use both this option and the <samp>-isysroot</samp> option, then
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the <samp>--sysroot</samp> option applies to libraries, but the
|
||
|
|
<samp>-isysroot</samp> option applies to header files.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>The GNU linker (beginning with version 2.16) has the necessary support
|
||
|
|
for this option. If your linker does not support this option, the
|
||
|
|
header file aspect of <samp>--sysroot</samp> still works, but the
|
||
|
|
library aspect does not.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--no-sysroot-suffix</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-no_002dsysroot_002dsuffix"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>For some targets, a suffix is added to the root directory specified
|
||
|
|
with <samp>--sysroot</samp>, depending on the other options used, so that
|
||
|
|
headers may for example be found in
|
||
|
|
<samp><var>dir</var>/<var>suffix</var>/usr/include</samp> instead of
|
||
|
|
<samp><var>dir</var>/usr/include</samp>. This option disables the addition of
|
||
|
|
such a suffix.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
</dl>
|
||
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|
||
|
|
<hr>
|
||
|
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<div class="header">
|
||
|
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<p>
|
||
|
|
Next: <a href="Code-Gen-Options.html#Code-Gen-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Code Gen Options</a>, Previous: <a href="Link-Options.html#Link-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Link Options</a>, Up: <a href="Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking-GCC" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GCC</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
|
||
|
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</div>
|
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</body>
|
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</html>
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