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These options specify directories to search for header files, for libraries and for parts of the compiler:
-I dir
-iquote dir
-isystem dir
-idirafter dir
Add the directory dir to the list of directories to be searched
for header files during preprocessing.
If dir begins with ‘=’ or $SYSROOT
, then the ‘=’
or $SYSROOT
is replaced by the sysroot prefix; see
--sysroot and -isysroot.
Directories specified with -iquote apply only to the quote
form of the directive, #include "file"
.
Directories specified with -I, -isystem,
or -idirafter apply to lookup for both the
#include "file"
and
#include <file>
directives.
You can specify any number or combination of these options on the command line to search for header files in several directories. The lookup order is as follows:
You can use -I to override a system header file, substituting your own version, since these directories are searched before the standard system header file directories. However, you should not use this option to add directories that contain vendor-supplied system header files; use -isystem for that.
The -isystem and -idirafter options also mark the directory as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment that is applied to the standard system directories.
If a standard system include directory, or a directory specified with
-isystem, is also specified with -I, the -I
option is ignored. The directory is still searched but as a
system directory at its normal position in the system include chain.
This is to ensure that GCC’s procedure to fix buggy system headers and
the ordering for the #include_next
directive are not inadvertently
changed.
If you really need to change the search order for system directories,
use the -nostdinc and/or -isystem options.
-I-
Split the include path. This option has been deprecated. Please use -iquote instead for -I directories before the -I- and remove the -I- option.
Any directories specified with -I
options before -I- are searched only for headers requested with
#include "file"
; they are not searched for
#include <file>
. If additional directories are
specified with -I options after the -I-, those
directories are searched for all ‘#include’ directives.
In addition, -I- inhibits the use of the directory of the current
file directory as the first search directory for #include "file"
. There is no way to override this effect of -I-.
-iprefix prefix
Specify prefix as the prefix for subsequent -iwithprefix options. If the prefix represents a directory, you should include the final ‘/’.
-iwithprefix dir
-iwithprefixbefore dir
Append dir to the prefix specified previously with -iprefix, and add the resulting directory to the include search path. -iwithprefixbefore puts it in the same place -I would; -iwithprefix puts it where -idirafter would.
-isysroot dir
This option is like the --sysroot option, but applies only to header files (except for Darwin targets, where it applies to both header files and libraries). See the --sysroot option for more information.
-imultilib dir
Use dir as a subdirectory of the directory containing target-specific C++ headers.
-nostdinc
Do not search the standard system directories for header files. Only the directories explicitly specified with -I, -iquote, -isystem, and/or -idirafter options (and the directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched.
-nostdinc++
Do not search for header files in the C++-specific standard directories, but do still search the other standard directories. (This option is used when building the C++ library.)
-iplugindir=dir
Set the directory to search for plugins that are passed by -fplugin=name instead of -fplugin=path/name.so. This option is not meant to be used by the user, but only passed by the driver.
-Ldir
Add directory dir to the list of directories to be searched for -l.
-Bprefix
This option specifies where to find the executables, libraries, include files, and data files of the compiler itself.
The compiler driver program runs one or more of the subprograms
cpp
, cc1
, as
and ld
. It tries
prefix as a prefix for each program it tries to run, both with and
without ‘machine/version/’ for the corresponding target
machine and compiler version.
For each subprogram to be run, the compiler driver first tries the
-B prefix, if any. If that name is not found, or if -B
is not specified, the driver tries two standard prefixes,
/usr/lib/gcc/ and /usr/local/lib/gcc/. If neither of
those results in a file name that is found, the unmodified program
name is searched for using the directories specified in your
PATH
environment variable.
The compiler checks to see if the path provided by -B refers to a directory, and if necessary it adds a directory separator character at the end of the path.
-B prefixes that effectively specify directory names also apply to libraries in the linker, because the compiler translates these options into -L options for the linker. They also apply to include files in the preprocessor, because the compiler translates these options into -isystem options for the preprocessor. In this case, the compiler appends ‘include’ to the prefix.
The runtime support file libgcc.a can also be searched for using the -B prefix, if needed. If it is not found there, the two standard prefixes above are tried, and that is all. The file is left out of the link if it is not found by those means.
Another way to specify a prefix much like the -B prefix is to use
the environment variable GCC_EXEC_PREFIX
. See Environment Variables.
As a special kludge, if the path provided by -B is [dir/]stageN/, where N is a number in the range 0 to 9, then it is replaced by [dir/]include. This is to help with boot-strapping the compiler.
-no-canonical-prefixes
Do not expand any symbolic links, resolve references to ‘/../’ or ‘/./’, or make the path absolute when generating a relative prefix.
--sysroot=dir
Use dir as the logical root directory for headers and libraries. For example, if the compiler normally searches for headers in /usr/include and libraries in /usr/lib, it instead searches dir/usr/include and dir/usr/lib.
If you use both this option and the -isysroot option, then the --sysroot option applies to libraries, but the -isysroot option applies to header files.
The GNU linker (beginning with version 2.16) has the necessary support for this option. If your linker does not support this option, the header file aspect of --sysroot still works, but the library aspect does not.
--no-sysroot-suffix
For some targets, a suffix is added to the root directory specified with --sysroot, depending on the other options used, so that headers may for example be found in dir/suffix/usr/include instead of dir/usr/include. This option disables the addition of such a suffix.
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