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<title>Concept Index - The C Preprocessor</title>
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<meta name="description" content="The C Preprocessor">
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Copyright (C) 1987-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
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any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. A copy of
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the license is included in the
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section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
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This manual contains no Invariant Sections. The Front-Cover Texts are
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(a) (see below), and the Back-Cover Texts are (b) (see below).
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(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
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A GNU Manual
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(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
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You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
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software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index">Option Index</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="index.html#Top">Top</a>
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<h2 class="unnumbered">Concept Index</h2>
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<ul class="index-cp" compact>
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<li><a href="Stringification.html#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0023_007d-operator-51">‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>’ operator</a>: <a href="Stringification.html#Stringification">Stringification</a></li>
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<li><a href="Concatenation.html#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0023_0023_007d-operator-55">‘<samp><span class="samp">##</span></samp>’ operator</a>: <a href="Concatenation.html#Concatenation">Concatenation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Pragmas.html#index-g_t_0040code_007b_005fPragma_007d-100"><code>_Pragma</code></a>: <a href="Pragmas.html#Pragmas">Pragmas</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-alternative-tokens-19">alternative tokens</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Macro-Arguments.html#index-arguments-46">arguments</a>: <a href="Macro-Arguments.html#Macro-Arguments">Macro Arguments</a></li>
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<li><a href="Macro-Arguments.html#index-arguments-in-macro-definitions-48">arguments in macro definitions</a>: <a href="Macro-Arguments.html#Macro-Arguments">Macro Arguments</a></li>
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<li><a href="Obsolete-Features.html#index-assertions-113">assertions</a>: <a href="Obsolete-Features.html#Obsolete-Features">Obsolete Features</a></li>
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<li><a href="Obsolete-Features.html#index-assertions_002c-canceling-117">assertions, canceling</a>: <a href="Obsolete-Features.html#Obsolete-Features">Obsolete Features</a></li>
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<li><a href="Initial-processing.html#index-backslash_002dnewline-4">backslash-newline</a>: <a href="Initial-processing.html#Initial-processing">Initial processing</a></li>
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<li><a href="Initial-processing.html#index-block-comments-7">block comments</a>: <a href="Initial-processing.html#Initial-processing">Initial processing</a></li>
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<li><a href="C_002b_002b-Named-Operators.html#index-C_002b_002b-named-operators-66">C++ named operators</a>: <a href="C_002b_002b-Named-Operators.html#C_002b_002b-Named-Operators">C++ Named Operators</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-character-constants-15">character constants</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Invocation.html#index-character-set_002c-execution-179">character set, execution</a>: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Invocation.html#index-character-set_002c-input-183">character set, input</a>: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Invocation.html#index-character-set_002c-wide-execution-181">character set, wide execution</a>: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Invocation.html#index-command-line-121">command line</a>: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Deleted-Code.html#index-commenting-out-code-92">commenting out code</a>: <a href="Deleted-Code.html#Deleted-Code">Deleted Code</a></li>
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<li><a href="Initial-processing.html#index-comments-5">comments</a>: <a href="Initial-processing.html#Initial-processing">Initial processing</a></li>
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<li><a href="Common-Predefined-Macros.html#index-common-predefined-macros-61">common predefined macros</a>: <a href="Common-Predefined-Macros.html#Common-Predefined-Macros">Common Predefined Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Computed-Includes.html#index-computed-includes-34">computed includes</a>: <a href="Computed-Includes.html#Computed-Includes">Computed Includes</a></li>
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<li><a href="Concatenation.html#index-concatenation-52">concatenation</a>: <a href="Concatenation.html#Concatenation">Concatenation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Ifdef.html#index-conditional-group-87">conditional group</a>: <a href="Ifdef.html#Ifdef">Ifdef</a></li>
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<li><a href="Conditionals.html#index-conditionals-83">conditionals</a>: <a href="Conditionals.html#Conditionals">Conditionals</a></li>
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<li><a href="Initial-processing.html#index-continued-lines-3">continued lines</a>: <a href="Initial-processing.html#Initial-processing">Initial processing</a></li>
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<li><a href="Once_002dOnly-Headers.html#index-controlling-macro-31">controlling macro</a>: <a href="Once_002dOnly-Headers.html#Once_002dOnly-Headers">Once-Only Headers</a></li>
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<li><a href="Defined.html#index-g_t_0040code_007bdefined_007d-89"><code>defined</code></a>: <a href="Defined.html#Defined">Defined</a></li>
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<li><a href="Environment-Variables.html#index-dependencies-for-make-as-output-209">dependencies for make as output</a>: <a href="Environment-Variables.html#Environment-Variables">Environment Variables</a></li>
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<li><a href="Invocation.html#index-dependencies_002c-_0040command_007bmake_007d-145">dependencies, <samp><span class="command">make</span></samp></a>: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Diagnostics.html#index-diagnostic-93">diagnostic</a>: <a href="Diagnostics.html#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li>
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<li><a href="Differences-from-previous-versions.html#index-differences-from-previous-versions-119">differences from previous versions</a>: <a href="Differences-from-previous-versions.html#Differences-from-previous-versions">Differences from previous versions</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-digraphs-18">digraphs</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="The-preprocessing-language.html#index-directive-line-23">directive line</a>: <a href="The-preprocessing-language.html#The-preprocessing-language">The preprocessing language</a></li>
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<li><a href="The-preprocessing-language.html#index-directive-name-24">directive name</a>: <a href="The-preprocessing-language.html#The-preprocessing-language">The preprocessing language</a></li>
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<li><a href="The-preprocessing-language.html#index-directives-21">directives</a>: <a href="The-preprocessing-language.html#The-preprocessing-language">The preprocessing language</a></li>
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<li><a href="Macro-Arguments.html#index-empty-macro-arguments-49">empty macro arguments</a>: <a href="Macro-Arguments.html#Macro-Arguments">Macro Arguments</a></li>
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<li><a href="Environment-Variables.html#index-environment-variables-203">environment variables</a>: <a href="Environment-Variables.html#Environment-Variables">Environment Variables</a></li>
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<li><a href="Argument-Prescan.html#index-expansion-of-arguments-79">expansion of arguments</a>: <a href="Argument-Prescan.html#Argument-Prescan">Argument Prescan</a></li>
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<li><a href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-212">FDL, GNU Free Documentation License</a>: <a href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a></li>
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<li><a href="Function_002dlike-Macros.html#index-function_002dlike-macros-45">function-like macros</a>: <a href="Function_002dlike-Macros.html#Function_002dlike-Macros">Function-like Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Invocation.html#index-grouping-options-122">grouping options</a>: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Once_002dOnly-Headers.html#index-guard-macro-32">guard macro</a>: <a href="Once_002dOnly-Headers.html#Once_002dOnly-Headers">Once-Only Headers</a></li>
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<li><a href="Header-Files.html#index-header-file-25">header file</a>: <a href="Header-Files.html#Header-Files">Header Files</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-header-file-names-16">header file names</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-identifiers-10">identifiers</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Implementation-limits.html#index-implementation-limits-112">implementation limits</a>: <a href="Implementation-limits.html#Implementation-limits">Implementation limits</a></li>
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<li><a href="Implementation_002ddefined-behavior.html#index-implementation_002ddefined-behavior-111">implementation-defined behavior</a>: <a href="Implementation_002ddefined-behavior.html#Implementation_002ddefined-behavior">Implementation-defined behavior</a></li>
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<li><a href="Once_002dOnly-Headers.html#index-including-just-once-29">including just once</a>: <a href="Once_002dOnly-Headers.html#Once_002dOnly-Headers">Once-Only Headers</a></li>
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<li><a href="Invocation.html#index-invocation-120">invocation</a>: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a></li>
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<li><a href="C_002b_002b-Named-Operators.html#index-g_t_0040file_007biso646_002eh_007d-67"><samp><span class="file">iso646.h</span></samp></a>: <a href="C_002b_002b-Named-Operators.html#C_002b_002b-Named-Operators">C++ Named Operators</a></li>
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<li><a href="Initial-processing.html#index-line-comments-6">line comments</a>: <a href="Initial-processing.html#Initial-processing">Initial processing</a></li>
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<li><a href="Line-Control.html#index-line-control-98">line control</a>: <a href="Line-Control.html#Line-Control">Line Control</a></li>
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<li><a href="Initial-processing.html#index-line-endings-1">line endings</a>: <a href="Initial-processing.html#Initial-processing">Initial processing</a></li>
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<li><a href="Preprocessor-Output.html#index-linemarkers-110">linemarkers</a>: <a href="Preprocessor-Output.html#Preprocessor-Output">Preprocessor Output</a></li>
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<li><a href="Argument-Prescan.html#index-macro-argument-expansion-80">macro argument expansion</a>: <a href="Argument-Prescan.html#Argument-Prescan">Argument Prescan</a></li>
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<li><a href="Directives-Within-Macro-Arguments.html#index-macro-arguments-and-directives-71">macro arguments and directives</a>: <a href="Directives-Within-Macro-Arguments.html#Directives-Within-Macro-Arguments">Directives Within Macro Arguments</a></li>
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<li><a href="Computed-Includes.html#index-macros-in-include-35">macros in include</a>: <a href="Computed-Includes.html#Computed-Includes">Computed Includes</a></li>
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<li><a href="Macro-Arguments.html#index-macros-with-arguments-47">macros with arguments</a>: <a href="Macro-Arguments.html#Macro-Arguments">Macro Arguments</a></li>
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<li><a href="Variadic-Macros.html#index-macros-with-variable-arguments-57">macros with variable arguments</a>: <a href="Variadic-Macros.html#Variadic-Macros">Variadic Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Invocation.html#index-g_t_0040command_007bmake_007d-144"><samp><span class="command">make</span></samp></a>: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Object_002dlike-Macros.html#index-manifest-constants-43">manifest constants</a>: <a href="Object_002dlike-Macros.html#Object_002dlike-Macros">Object-like Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="C_002b_002b-Named-Operators.html#index-named-operators-65">named operators</a>: <a href="C_002b_002b-Named-Operators.html#C_002b_002b-Named-Operators">C++ Named Operators</a></li>
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<li><a href="Newlines-in-Arguments.html#index-newlines-in-macro-arguments-82">newlines in macro arguments</a>: <a href="Newlines-in-Arguments.html#Newlines-in-Arguments">Newlines in Arguments</a></li>
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<li><a href="Other-Directives.html#index-null-directive-108">null directive</a>: <a href="Other-Directives.html#Other-Directives">Other Directives</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-numbers-11">numbers</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Object_002dlike-Macros.html#index-object_002dlike-macro-41">object-like macro</a>: <a href="Object_002dlike-Macros.html#Object_002dlike-Macros">Object-like Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Invocation.html#index-options-124">options</a>: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Invocation.html#index-options_002c-grouping-123">options, grouping</a>: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-other-tokens-20">other tokens</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Preprocessor-Output.html#index-output-format-109">output format</a>: <a href="Preprocessor-Output.html#Preprocessor-Output">Preprocessor Output</a></li>
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<li><a href="Wrapper-Headers.html#index-overriding-a-header-file-37">overriding a header file</a>: <a href="Wrapper-Headers.html#Wrapper-Headers">Wrapper Headers</a></li>
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<li><a href="Operator-Precedence-Problems.html#index-parentheses-in-macro-bodies-74">parentheses in macro bodies</a>: <a href="Operator-Precedence-Problems.html#Operator-Precedence-Problems">Operator Precedence Problems</a></li>
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<li><a href="Macro-Pitfalls.html#index-pitfalls-of-macros-73">pitfalls of macros</a>: <a href="Macro-Pitfalls.html#Macro-Pitfalls">Macro Pitfalls</a></li>
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<li><a href="Predefined-Macros.html#index-predefined-macros-59">predefined macros</a>: <a href="Predefined-Macros.html#Predefined-Macros">Predefined Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="System_002dspecific-Predefined-Macros.html#index-predefined-macros_002c-system_002dspecific-63">predefined macros, system-specific</a>: <a href="System_002dspecific-Predefined-Macros.html#System_002dspecific-Predefined-Macros">System-specific Predefined Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Obsolete-Features.html#index-predicates-114">predicates</a>: <a href="Obsolete-Features.html#Obsolete-Features">Obsolete Features</a></li>
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<li><a href="The-preprocessing-language.html#index-preprocessing-directives-22">preprocessing directives</a>: <a href="The-preprocessing-language.html#The-preprocessing-language">The preprocessing language</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-preprocessing-numbers-12">preprocessing numbers</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-preprocessing-tokens-9">preprocessing tokens</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Argument-Prescan.html#index-prescan-of-macro-arguments-81">prescan of macro arguments</a>: <a href="Argument-Prescan.html#Argument-Prescan">Argument Prescan</a></li>
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<li><a href="Macro-Pitfalls.html#index-problems-with-macros-72">problems with macros</a>: <a href="Macro-Pitfalls.html#Macro-Pitfalls">Macro Pitfalls</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-punctuators-17">punctuators</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Undefining-and-Redefining-Macros.html#index-redefining-macros-69">redefining macros</a>: <a href="Undefining-and-Redefining-Macros.html#Undefining-and-Redefining-Macros">Undefining and Redefining Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Once_002dOnly-Headers.html#index-repeated-inclusion-28">repeated inclusion</a>: <a href="Once_002dOnly-Headers.html#Once_002dOnly-Headers">Once-Only Headers</a></li>
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<li><a href="Diagnostics.html#index-reporting-errors-94">reporting errors</a>: <a href="Diagnostics.html#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li>
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<li><a href="Diagnostics.html#index-reporting-warnings-95">reporting warnings</a>: <a href="Diagnostics.html#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li>
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<li><a href="System_002dspecific-Predefined-Macros.html#index-reserved-namespace-64">reserved namespace</a>: <a href="System_002dspecific-Predefined-Macros.html#System_002dspecific-Predefined-Macros">System-specific Predefined Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Self_002dReferential-Macros.html#index-self_002dreference-78">self-reference</a>: <a href="Self_002dReferential-Macros.html#Self_002dReferential-Macros">Self-Referential Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Swallowing-the-Semicolon.html#index-semicolons-_0028after-macro-calls_0029-75">semicolons (after macro calls)</a>: <a href="Swallowing-the-Semicolon.html#Swallowing-the-Semicolon">Swallowing the Semicolon</a></li>
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<li><a href="Duplication-of-Side-Effects.html#index-side-effects-_0028in-macro-arguments_0029-76">side effects (in macro arguments)</a>: <a href="Duplication-of-Side-Effects.html#Duplication-of-Side-Effects">Duplication of Side Effects</a></li>
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<li><a href="Standard-Predefined-Macros.html#index-standard-predefined-macros_002e-60">standard predefined macros.</a>: <a href="Standard-Predefined-Macros.html#Standard-Predefined-Macros">Standard Predefined Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-string-constants-14">string constants</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-string-literals-13">string literals</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Stringification.html#index-stringification-50">stringification</a>: <a href="Stringification.html#Stringification">Stringification</a></li>
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<li><a href="Object_002dlike-Macros.html#index-symbolic-constants-42">symbolic constants</a>: <a href="Object_002dlike-Macros.html#Object_002dlike-Macros">Object-like Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="System-Headers.html#index-system-header-files-39">system header files</a>: <a href="System-Headers.html#System-Headers">System Headers</a></li>
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<li><a href="Header-Files.html#index-system-header-files-26">system header files</a>: <a href="Header-Files.html#Header-Files">Header Files</a></li>
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<li><a href="System_002dspecific-Predefined-Macros.html#index-system_002dspecific-predefined-macros-62">system-specific predefined macros</a>: <a href="System_002dspecific-Predefined-Macros.html#System_002dspecific-Predefined-Macros">System-specific Predefined Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Obsolete-Features.html#index-testing-predicates-115">testing predicates</a>: <a href="Obsolete-Features.html#Obsolete-Features">Obsolete Features</a></li>
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<li><a href="Concatenation.html#index-token-concatenation-54">token concatenation</a>: <a href="Concatenation.html#Concatenation">Concatenation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Concatenation.html#index-token-pasting-53">token pasting</a>: <a href="Concatenation.html#Concatenation">Concatenation</a></li>
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<li><a href="Tokenization.html#index-tokens-8">tokens</a>: <a href="Tokenization.html#Tokenization">Tokenization</a></li>
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<li><a href="Initial-processing.html#index-trigraphs-2">trigraphs</a>: <a href="Initial-processing.html#Initial-processing">Initial processing</a></li>
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<li><a href="Undefining-and-Redefining-Macros.html#index-undefining-macros-68">undefining macros</a>: <a href="Undefining-and-Redefining-Macros.html#Undefining-and-Redefining-Macros">Undefining and Redefining Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Duplication-of-Side-Effects.html#index-unsafe-macros-77">unsafe macros</a>: <a href="Duplication-of-Side-Effects.html#Duplication-of-Side-Effects">Duplication of Side Effects</a></li>
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<li><a href="Variadic-Macros.html#index-variable-number-of-arguments-56">variable number of arguments</a>: <a href="Variadic-Macros.html#Variadic-Macros">Variadic Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Variadic-Macros.html#index-variadic-macros-58">variadic macros</a>: <a href="Variadic-Macros.html#Variadic-Macros">Variadic Macros</a></li>
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<li><a href="Once_002dOnly-Headers.html#index-wrapper-_0040code_007b_0023ifndef_007d-30">wrapper <code>#ifndef</code></a>: <a href="Once_002dOnly-Headers.html#Once_002dOnly-Headers">Once-Only Headers</a></li>
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<li><a href="Wrapper-Headers.html#index-wrapper-headers-36">wrapper headers</a>: <a href="Wrapper-Headers.html#Wrapper-Headers">Wrapper Headers</a></li>
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