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102 lines
4.4 KiB
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102 lines
4.4 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- This file documents the gprof profiler of the GNU system.
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Copyright (C) 1988-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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<head>
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<title>Assumptions (GNU gprof)</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Assumptions (GNU gprof)">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="Inaccuracy.html#Inaccuracy" rel="up" title="Inaccuracy">
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<link href="How-do-I_003f.html#How-do-I_003f" rel="next" title="How do I?">
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<link href="Sampling-Error.html#Sampling-Error" rel="prev" title="Sampling Error">
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<a name="Assumptions"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Previous: <a href="Sampling-Error.html#Sampling-Error" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Sampling Error</a>, Up: <a href="Inaccuracy.html#Inaccuracy" accesskey="u" rel="up">Inaccuracy</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="Estimating-children-Times"></a>
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<h3 class="section">6.2 Estimating <code>children</code> Times</h3>
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<p>Some of the figures in the call graph are estimates—for example, the
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<code>children</code> time values and all the time figures in caller and
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subroutine lines.
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</p>
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<p>There is no direct information about these measurements in the profile
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data itself. Instead, <code>gprof</code> estimates them by making an assumption
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about your program that might or might not be true.
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</p>
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<p>The assumption made is that the average time spent in each call to any
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function <code>foo</code> is not correlated with who called <code>foo</code>. If
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<code>foo</code> used 5 seconds in all, and 2/5 of the calls to <code>foo</code> came
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from <code>a</code>, then <code>foo</code> contributes 2 seconds to <code>a</code>’s
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<code>children</code> time, by assumption.
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</p>
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<p>This assumption is usually true enough, but for some programs it is far
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from true. Suppose that <code>foo</code> returns very quickly when its argument
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is zero; suppose that <code>a</code> always passes zero as an argument, while
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other callers of <code>foo</code> pass other arguments. In this program, all the
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time spent in <code>foo</code> is in the calls from callers other than <code>a</code>.
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But <code>gprof</code> has no way of knowing this; it will blindly and
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incorrectly charge 2 seconds of time in <code>foo</code> to the children of
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<code>a</code>.
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</p>
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<p>We hope some day to put more complete data into <samp>gmon.out</samp>, so that
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this assumption is no longer needed, if we can figure out how. For the
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novice, the estimated figures are usually more useful than misleading.
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</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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