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<title>Interpreters (Debugging with GDB)</title>
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<a name="Interpreters"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="TUI.html#TUI" accesskey="n" rel="next">TUI</a>, Previous: <a href="Extending-GDB.html#Extending-GDB" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Extending GDB</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="Command-Interpreters"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">24 Command Interpreters</h2>
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<a name="index-command-interpreters"></a>
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<p><small>GDB</small> supports multiple command interpreters, and some command
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infrastructure to allow users or user interface writers to switch
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between interpreters or run commands in other interpreters.
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</p>
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<p><small>GDB</small> currently supports two command interpreters, the console
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interpreter (sometimes called the command-line interpreter or <small>CLI</small>)
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and the machine interface interpreter (or <small>GDB/MI</small>). This manual
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describes both of these interfaces in great detail.
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</p>
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<p>By default, <small>GDB</small> will start with the console interpreter.
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However, the user may choose to start <small>GDB</small> with another
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interpreter by specifying the <samp>-i</samp> or <samp>--interpreter</samp>
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startup options. Defined interpreters include:
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt><code>console</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-console-interpreter"></a>
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<p>The traditional console or command-line interpreter. This is the most often
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used interpreter with <small>GDB</small>. With no interpreter specified at runtime,
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<small>GDB</small> will use this interpreter.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>mi</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-mi-interpreter"></a>
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<p>The newest <small>GDB/MI</small> interface (currently <code>mi2</code>). Used primarily
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by programs wishing to use <small>GDB</small> as a backend for a debugger GUI
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or an IDE. For more information, see <a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI">The <small>GDB/MI</small>
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Interface</a>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>mi2</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-mi2-interpreter"></a>
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<p>The current <small>GDB/MI</small> interface.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>mi1</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-mi1-interpreter"></a>
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<p>The <small>GDB/MI</small> interface included in <small>GDB</small> 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3.
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<a name="index-invoke-another-interpreter"></a>
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<a name="index-interpreter_002dexec"></a>
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<p>You may execute commands in any interpreter from the current
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interpreter using the appropriate command. If you are running the
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console interpreter, simply use the <code>interpreter-exec</code> command:
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</p>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">interpreter-exec mi "-data-list-register-names"
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</pre></div>
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<p><small>GDB/MI</small> has a similar command, although it is only available in versions of
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<small>GDB</small> which support <small>GDB/MI</small> version 2 (or greater).
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</p>
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<p>Note that <code>interpreter-exec</code> only changes the interpreter for the
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duration of the specified command. It does not change the interpreter
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permanently.
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</p>
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<a name="index-start-a-new-independent-interpreter"></a>
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<p>Although you may only choose a single interpreter at startup, it is
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possible to run an independent interpreter on a specified input/output
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device (usually a tty).
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</p>
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<p>For example, consider a debugger GUI or IDE that wants to provide a
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<small>GDB</small> console view. It may do so by embedding a terminal
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emulator widget in its GUI, starting <small>GDB</small> in the traditional
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command-line mode with stdin/stdout/stderr redirected to that
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terminal, and then creating an MI interpreter running on a specified
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input/output device. The console interpreter created by <small>GDB</small>
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at startup handles commands the user types in the terminal widget,
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while the GUI controls and synchronizes state with <small>GDB</small> using
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the separate MI interpreter.
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</p>
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<p>To start a new secondary <em>user interface</em> running MI, use the
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<code>new-ui</code> command:
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</p>
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<a name="index-new_002dui"></a>
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<a name="index-new-user-interface"></a>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">new-ui <var>interpreter</var> <var>tty</var>
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</pre></div>
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<p>The <var>interpreter</var> parameter specifies the interpreter to run.
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This accepts the same values as the <code>interpreter-exec</code> command.
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For example, ‘<samp>console</samp>’, ‘<samp>mi</samp>’, ‘<samp>mi2</samp>’, etc. The
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<var>tty</var> parameter specifies the name of the bidirectional file the
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interpreter uses for input/output, usually the name of a
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pseudoterminal slave on Unix systems. For example:
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</p>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) new-ui mi /dev/pts/9
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</pre></div>
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<p>runs an MI interpreter on <samp>/dev/pts/9</samp>.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="TUI.html#TUI" accesskey="n" rel="next">TUI</a>, Previous: <a href="Extending-GDB.html#Extending-GDB" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Extending GDB</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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