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215 lines
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HTML
215 lines
10 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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A GNU Manual
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<head>
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<title>Precompiled Headers (Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC))</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Precompiled Headers (Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC))">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" rel="index" title="Option Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking-GCC" rel="up" title="Invoking GCC">
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<link href="C-Implementation.html#C-Implementation" rel="next" title="C Implementation">
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<link href="Environment-Variables.html#Environment-Variables" rel="prev" title="Environment Variables">
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</head>
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<body lang="en">
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<a name="Precompiled-Headers"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Previous: <a href="Environment-Variables.html#Environment-Variables" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Environment Variables</a>, Up: <a href="Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking-GCC" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GCC</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="Using-Precompiled-Headers"></a>
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<h3 class="section">3.21 Using Precompiled Headers</h3>
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<a name="index-precompiled-headers"></a>
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<a name="index-speed-of-compilation"></a>
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<p>Often large projects have many header files that are included in every
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source file. The time the compiler takes to process these header files
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over and over again can account for nearly all of the time required to
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build the project. To make builds faster, GCC allows you to
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<em>precompile</em> a header file.
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</p>
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<p>To create a precompiled header file, simply compile it as you would any
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other file, if necessary using the <samp>-x</samp> option to make the driver
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treat it as a C or C++ header file. You may want to use a
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tool like <code>make</code> to keep the precompiled header up-to-date when
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the headers it contains change.
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</p>
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<p>A precompiled header file is searched for when <code>#include</code> is
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seen in the compilation. As it searches for the included file
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(see <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Search-Path.html#Search-Path">Search Path</a> in <cite>The C Preprocessor</cite>) the
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compiler looks for a precompiled header in each directory just before it
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looks for the include file in that directory. The name searched for is
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the name specified in the <code>#include</code> with ‘<samp>.gch</samp>’ appended. If
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the precompiled header file cannot be used, it is ignored.
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</p>
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<p>For instance, if you have <code>#include "all.h"</code>, and you have
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<samp>all.h.gch</samp> in the same directory as <samp>all.h</samp>, then the
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precompiled header file is used if possible, and the original
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header is used otherwise.
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</p>
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<p>Alternatively, you might decide to put the precompiled header file in a
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directory and use <samp>-I</samp> to ensure that directory is searched
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before (or instead of) the directory containing the original header.
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Then, if you want to check that the precompiled header file is always
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used, you can put a file of the same name as the original header in this
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directory containing an <code>#error</code> command.
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</p>
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<p>This also works with <samp>-include</samp>. So yet another way to use
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precompiled headers, good for projects not designed with precompiled
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header files in mind, is to simply take most of the header files used by
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a project, include them from another header file, precompile that header
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file, and <samp>-include</samp> the precompiled header. If the header files
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have guards against multiple inclusion, they are skipped because
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they’ve already been included (in the precompiled header).
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</p>
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<p>If you need to precompile the same header file for different
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languages, targets, or compiler options, you can instead make a
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<em>directory</em> named like <samp>all.h.gch</samp>, and put each precompiled
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header in the directory, perhaps using <samp>-o</samp>. It doesn’t matter
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what you call the files in the directory; every precompiled header in
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the directory is considered. The first precompiled header
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encountered in the directory that is valid for this compilation is
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used; they’re searched in no particular order.
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</p>
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<p>There are many other possibilities, limited only by your imagination,
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good sense, and the constraints of your build system.
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</p>
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<p>A precompiled header file can be used only when these conditions apply:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li> Only one precompiled header can be used in a particular compilation.
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</li><li> A precompiled header cannot be used once the first C token is seen. You
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can have preprocessor directives before a precompiled header; you cannot
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include a precompiled header from inside another header.
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</li><li> The precompiled header file must be produced for the same language as
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the current compilation. You cannot use a C precompiled header for a C++
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compilation.
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</li><li> The precompiled header file must have been produced by the same compiler
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binary as the current compilation is using.
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</li><li> Any macros defined before the precompiled header is included must
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either be defined in the same way as when the precompiled header was
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generated, or must not affect the precompiled header, which usually
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means that they don’t appear in the precompiled header at all.
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<p>The <samp>-D</samp> option is one way to define a macro before a
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precompiled header is included; using a <code>#define</code> can also do it.
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There are also some options that define macros implicitly, like
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<samp>-O</samp> and <samp>-Wdeprecated</samp>; the same rule applies to macros
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defined this way.
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</p>
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</li><li> If debugging information is output when using the precompiled
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header, using <samp>-g</samp> or similar, the same kind of debugging information
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must have been output when building the precompiled header. However,
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a precompiled header built using <samp>-g</samp> can be used in a compilation
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when no debugging information is being output.
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</li><li> The same <samp>-m</samp> options must generally be used when building
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and using the precompiled header. See <a href="Submodel-Options.html#Submodel-Options">Submodel Options</a>,
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for any cases where this rule is relaxed.
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</li><li> Each of the following options must be the same when building and using
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the precompiled header:
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">-fexceptions
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</pre></div>
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</li><li> Some other command-line options starting with <samp>-f</samp>,
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<samp>-p</samp>, or <samp>-O</samp> must be defined in the same way as when
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the precompiled header was generated. At present, it’s not clear
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which options are safe to change and which are not; the safest choice
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is to use exactly the same options when generating and using the
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precompiled header. The following are known to be safe:
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">-fmessage-length= -fpreprocessed -fsched-interblock
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-fsched-spec -fsched-spec-load -fsched-spec-load-dangerous
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-fsched-verbose=<var>number</var> -fschedule-insns -fvisibility=
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-pedantic-errors
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</pre></div>
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</li></ul>
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<p>For all of these except the last, the compiler automatically
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ignores the precompiled header if the conditions aren’t met. If you
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find an option combination that doesn’t work and doesn’t cause the
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precompiled header to be ignored, please consider filing a bug report,
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see <a href="Bugs.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>.
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</p>
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<p>If you do use differing options when generating and using the
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precompiled header, the actual behavior is a mixture of the
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behavior for the options. For instance, if you use <samp>-g</samp> to
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generate the precompiled header but not when using it, you may or may
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not get debugging information for routines in the precompiled header.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Previous: <a href="Environment-Variables.html#Environment-Variables" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Environment Variables</a>, Up: <a href="Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking-GCC" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GCC</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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