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<title>Output Options - GNU gprof</title>
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This file documents the gprof profiler of the GNU system.
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<a name="Output-Options"></a>
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<p>
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Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Analysis-Options.html#Analysis-Options">Analysis Options</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Invoking.html#Invoking">Invoking</a>
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</div>
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<h3 class="section">4.1 Output Options</h3>
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<!-- man begin OPTIONS -->
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<p>These options specify which of several output formats
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<code>gprof</code> should produce.
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<p>Many of these options take an optional <dfn>symspec</dfn> to specify
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functions to be included or excluded. These options can be
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specified multiple times, with different symspecs, to include
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or exclude sets of symbols. See <a href="Symspecs.html#Symspecs">Symspecs</a>.
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<p>Specifying any of these options overrides the default (‘<samp><span class="samp">-p -q</span></samp>’),
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which prints a flat profile and call graph analysis
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for all functions.
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<dl>
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<dt><code>-A[</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dt><code>--annotated-source[=</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to print annotated source code.
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If <var>symspec</var> is specified, print output only for matching symbols.
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See <a href="Annotated-Source.html#Annotated-Source">The Annotated Source Listing</a>.
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<br><dt><code>-b</code><dt><code>--brief</code><dd>If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-b</span></samp>’ option is given, <code>gprof</code> doesn't print the
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verbose blurbs that try to explain the meaning of all of the fields in
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the tables. This is useful if you intend to print out the output, or
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are tired of seeing the blurbs.
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<br><dt><code>-C[</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dt><code>--exec-counts[=</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-C</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to
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print a tally of functions and the number of times each was called.
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If <var>symspec</var> is specified, print tally only for matching symbols.
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<p>If the profile data file contains basic-block count records, specifying
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the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’ option, along with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-C</span></samp>’, will cause basic-block
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execution counts to be tallied and displayed.
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<br><dt><code>-i</code><dt><code>--file-info</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to display summary information
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about the profile data file(s) and then exit. The number of histogram,
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call graph, and basic-block count records is displayed.
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<br><dt><code>-I </code><var>dirs</var><dt><code>--directory-path=</code><var>dirs</var><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-I</span></samp>’ option specifies a list of search directories in
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which to find source files. Environment variable <var>GPROF_PATH</var>
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can also be used to convey this information.
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Used mostly for annotated source output.
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<br><dt><code>-J[</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dt><code>--no-annotated-source[=</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-J</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> not to
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print annotated source code.
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If <var>symspec</var> is specified, <code>gprof</code> prints annotated source,
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but excludes matching symbols.
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<br><dt><code>-L</code><dt><code>--print-path</code><dd>Normally, source filenames are printed with the path
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component suppressed. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-L</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code>
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to print the full pathname of
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source filenames, which is determined
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from symbolic debugging information in the image file
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and is relative to the directory in which the compiler
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was invoked.
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<br><dt><code>-p[</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dt><code>--flat-profile[=</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to print a flat profile.
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If <var>symspec</var> is specified, print flat profile only for matching symbols.
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See <a href="Flat-Profile.html#Flat-Profile">The Flat Profile</a>.
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<br><dt><code>-P[</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dt><code>--no-flat-profile[=</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to suppress printing a flat profile.
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If <var>symspec</var> is specified, <code>gprof</code> prints a flat profile,
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but excludes matching symbols.
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<br><dt><code>-q[</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dt><code>--graph[=</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-q</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to print the call graph analysis.
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If <var>symspec</var> is specified, print call graph only for matching symbols
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and their children.
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See <a href="Call-Graph.html#Call-Graph">The Call Graph</a>.
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<br><dt><code>-Q[</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dt><code>--no-graph[=</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Q</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to suppress printing the
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call graph.
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If <var>symspec</var> is specified, <code>gprof</code> prints a call graph,
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but excludes matching symbols.
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<br><dt><code>-t</code><dt><code>--table-length=</code><var>num</var><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option causes the <var>num</var> most active source lines in
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each source file to be listed when source annotation is enabled. The
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default is 10.
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<br><dt><code>-y</code><dt><code>--separate-files</code><dd>This option affects annotated source output only.
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Normally, <code>gprof</code> prints annotated source files
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to standard-output. If this option is specified,
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annotated source for a file named <samp><span class="file">path/</span><var>filename</var></samp>
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is generated in the file <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">-ann</span></samp>. If the underlying
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file system would truncate <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">-ann</span></samp> so that it
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overwrites the original <samp><var>filename</var></samp>, <code>gprof</code> generates
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annotated source in the file <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.ann</span></samp> instead (if the
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original file name has an extension, that extension is <em>replaced</em>
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with <samp><span class="file">.ann</span></samp>).
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<br><dt><code>-Z[</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dt><code>--no-exec-counts[=</code><var>symspec</var><code>]</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> not to
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print a tally of functions and the number of times each was called.
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If <var>symspec</var> is specified, print tally, but exclude matching symbols.
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<br><dt><code>-r</code><dt><code>--function-ordering</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">--function-ordering</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to print a
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suggested function ordering for the program based on profiling data.
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This option suggests an ordering which may improve paging, tlb and
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cache behavior for the program on systems which support arbitrary
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ordering of functions in an executable.
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<p>The exact details of how to force the linker to place functions
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in a particular order is system dependent and out of the scope of this
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manual.
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<br><dt><code>-R </code><var>map_file</var><dt><code>--file-ordering </code><var>map_file</var><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">--file-ordering</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to print a
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suggested .o link line ordering for the program based on profiling data.
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This option suggests an ordering which may improve paging, tlb and
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cache behavior for the program on systems which do not support arbitrary
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ordering of functions in an executable.
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<p>Use of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-a</span></samp>’ argument is highly recommended with this option.
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<p>The <var>map_file</var> argument is a pathname to a file which provides
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function name to object file mappings. The format of the file is similar to
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the output of the program <code>nm</code>.
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<pre class="smallexample"> c-parse.o:00000000 T yyparse
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c-parse.o:00000004 C yyerrflag
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c-lang.o:00000000 T maybe_objc_method_name
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c-lang.o:00000000 T print_lang_statistics
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c-lang.o:00000000 T recognize_objc_keyword
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c-decl.o:00000000 T print_lang_identifier
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c-decl.o:00000000 T print_lang_type
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...
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</pre>
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<p>To create a <var>map_file</var> with <span class="sc">gnu</span> <code>nm</code>, type a command like
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<kbd>nm --extern-only --defined-only -v --print-file-name program-name</kbd>.
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<br><dt><code>-T</code><dt><code>--traditional</code><dd>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to print its output in
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“traditional” BSD style.
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<br><dt><code>-w </code><var>width</var><dt><code>--width=</code><var>width</var><dd>Sets width of output lines to <var>width</var>.
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Currently only used when printing the function index at the bottom
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of the call graph.
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<br><dt><code>-x</code><dt><code>--all-lines</code><dd>This option affects annotated source output only.
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By default, only the lines at the beginning of a basic-block
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are annotated. If this option is specified, every line in
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a basic-block is annotated by repeating the annotation for the
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first line. This behavior is similar to <code>tcov</code>'s ‘<samp><span class="samp">-a</span></samp>’.
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<br><dt><code>--demangle[=</code><var>style</var><code>]</code><dt><code>--no-demangle</code><dd>These options control whether C++ symbol names should be demangled when
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printing output. The default is to demangle symbols. The
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<code>--no-demangle</code> option may be used to turn off demangling. Different
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compilers have different mangling styles. The optional demangling style
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argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your
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compiler.
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</dl>
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