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1234 lines
54 KiB
Groff
1234 lines
54 KiB
Groff
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "OBJCOPY 1"
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.TH OBJCOPY 1 "2020-10-16" "binutils-2.34" "GNU Development Tools"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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objcopy \- copy and translate object files
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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objcopy [\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
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[\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
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[\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
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[\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR|\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR]
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[\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR]
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[\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR]
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[\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR]
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[\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR]
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[\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wildcard\fR]
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[\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR]
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[\fB\-X\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR]
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[\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR|\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR]
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[\fB\-i\fR [\fIbreadth\fR]|\fB\-\-interleave\fR[=\fIbreadth\fR]]
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[\fB\-\-interleave\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR]
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[\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR|\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR]
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[\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR|\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR]
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[\fB\-\-keep\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR]
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[\fB\-\-remove\-relocations=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR]
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[\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR]
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[\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR]
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[\fB\-U\fR|\fB\-\-disable\-deterministic\-archives\fR]
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[\fB\-\-debugging\fR]
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[\fB\-\-gap\-fill=\fR\fIval\fR]
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[\fB\-\-pad\-to=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
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[\fB\-\-set\-start=\fR\fIval\fR]
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[\fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fR\fIincr\fR]
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[\fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fR\fIincr\fR]
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[\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
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[\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
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[\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
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[\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR]
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[\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR=\fIflags\fR]
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[\fB\-\-set\-section\-alignment\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR=\fIalign\fR]
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[\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-dump\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-update\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR=\fInewname\fR[,\fIflags\fR]]
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[\fB\-\-long\-section\-names\fR {enable,disable,keep}]
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|
[\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR] [\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR]
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[\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR]
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[\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR] [\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR]
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[\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR=\fInew\fR]
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[\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-weaken\fR]
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[\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-add\-symbol\fR \fIname\fR=[\fIsection\fR:]\fIvalue\fR[,\fIflags\fR]]
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[\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR]
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[\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR]
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[\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
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[\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
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[\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR]
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[\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR]
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[\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR]
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[\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR]
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[\fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR]
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[\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR]
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[\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR]
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[\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR]
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|
[\fB\-\-pure\fR]
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[\fB\-\-impure\fR]
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|
[\fB\-\-file\-alignment=\fR\fInum\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-\-heap=\fR\fIsize\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-\-image\-base=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
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|
[\fB\-\-section\-alignment=\fR\fInum\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-\-stack=\fR\fIsize\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-\-subsystem=\fR\fIwhich\fR:\fImajor\fR.\fIminor\fR]
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|
[\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR]
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|
[\fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-\-elf\-stt\-common=\fR\fIval\fR]
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|
[\fB\-\-merge\-notes\fR]
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|
[\fB\-\-no\-merge\-notes\fR]
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|
[\fB\-\-verilog\-data\-width=\fR\fIval\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-info\fR]
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|
\fIinfile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR]
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|
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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|
The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBobjcopy\fR utility copies the contents of an object
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file to another. \fBobjcopy\fR uses the \s-1GNU BFD\s0 Library to
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read and write the object files. It can write the destination object
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|
file in a format different from that of the source object file. The
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exact behavior of \fBobjcopy\fR is controlled by command-line options.
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|
Note that \fBobjcopy\fR should be able to copy a fully linked file
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|
between any two formats. However, copying a relocatable object file
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between any two formats may not work as expected.
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.PP
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|
\&\fBobjcopy\fR creates temporary files to do its translations and
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deletes them afterward. \fBobjcopy\fR uses \s-1BFD\s0 to do all its
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translation work; it has access to all the formats described in \s-1BFD\s0
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|
and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told
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|
explicitly.
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.PP
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|
\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate S\-records by using an output
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|
target of \fBsrec\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O srec\fR).
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.PP
|
|
\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an
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|
output target of \fBbinary\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O binary\fR). When
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|
\&\fBobjcopy\fR generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce
|
|
a memory dump of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and
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|
relocation information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at
|
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the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file.
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.PP
|
|
When generating an S\-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to
|
|
use \fB\-S\fR to remove sections containing debugging information. In
|
|
some cases \fB\-R\fR will be useful to remove sections which contain
|
|
information that is not needed by the binary file.
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|
.PP
|
|
Note\-\-\-\fBobjcopy\fR is not able to change the endianness of its input
|
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files. If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not),
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|
\&\fBobjcopy\fR can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the
|
|
same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., \fBsrec\fR).
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|
(However, see the \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes\fR option.)
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.SH "OPTIONS"
|
|
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
|
|
.IP "\fIinfile\fR" 4
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|
.IX Item "infile"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fIoutfile\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "outfile"
|
|
.PD
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|
The input and output files, respectively.
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If you do not specify \fIoutfile\fR, \fBobjcopy\fR creates a
|
|
temporary file and destructively renames the result with
|
|
the name of \fIinfile\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-I bfdname"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--input-target=bfdname"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Consider the source file's object format to be \fIbfdname\fR, rather than
|
|
attempting to deduce it.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-O bfdname"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--output-target=bfdname"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Write the output file using the object format \fIbfdname\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-F bfdname"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Use \fIbfdname\fR as the object format for both the input and the output
|
|
file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no
|
|
translation.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-B bfdarch"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--binary-architecture=bfdarch"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Useful when transforming a architecture-less input file into an object file.
|
|
In this case the output architecture can be set to \fIbfdarch\fR. This
|
|
option will be ignored if the input file has a known \fIbfdarch\fR. You
|
|
can access this binary data inside a program by referencing the special
|
|
symbols that are created by the conversion process. These symbols are
|
|
called _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_start, _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_end and
|
|
_binary_\fIobjfile\fR_size. e.g. you can transform a picture file into
|
|
an object file and then access it in your code using these symbols.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-j sectionpattern"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--only-section=sectionpattern"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Copy only the indicated sections from the input file to the output file.
|
|
This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
|
|
inappropriately may make the output file unusable. Wildcard
|
|
characters are accepted in \fIsectionpattern\fR.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If the first character of \fIsectionpattern\fR is the exclamation
|
|
point (!) then matching sections will not be copied, even if earlier
|
|
use of \fB\-\-only\-section\fR on the same command line would
|
|
otherwise copy it. For example:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-\-only\-section=.text.* \-\-only\-section=!.text.foo
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
will copy all sectinos maching '.text.*' but not the section
|
|
\&'.text.foo'.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-R sectionpattern"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--remove-section=sectionpattern"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Remove any section matching \fIsectionpattern\fR from the output file.
|
|
This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
|
|
inappropriately may make the output file unusable. Wildcard
|
|
characters are accepted in \fIsectionpattern\fR. Using both the
|
|
\&\fB\-j\fR and \fB\-R\fR options together results in undefined
|
|
behaviour.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If the first character of \fIsectionpattern\fR is the exclamation
|
|
point (!) then matching sections will not be removed even if an
|
|
earlier use of \fB\-\-remove\-section\fR on the same command line
|
|
would otherwise remove it. For example:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-\-remove\-section=.text.* \-\-remove\-section=!.text.foo
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
will remove all sections matching the pattern '.text.*', but will not
|
|
remove the section '.text.foo'.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-section=sectionpattern"
|
|
When removing sections from the output file, keep sections that match
|
|
\&\fIsectionpattern\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-relocations=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--remove-relocations=sectionpattern"
|
|
Remove non-dynamic relocations from the output file for any section
|
|
matching \fIsectionpattern\fR. This option may be given more than
|
|
once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output
|
|
file unusable, and attempting to remove a dynamic relocation section
|
|
such as \fB.rela.plt\fR from an executable or shared library with
|
|
\&\fB\-\-remove\-relocations=.plt\fR will not work. Wildcard characters
|
|
are accepted in \fIsectionpattern\fR.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-\-remove\-relocations=.text.*
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
will remove the relocations for all sections matching the pattern
|
|
\&'.text.*'.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If the first character of \fIsectionpattern\fR is the exclamation
|
|
point (!) then matching sections will not have their relocation
|
|
removed even if an earlier use of \fB\-\-remove\-relocations\fR on the
|
|
same command line would otherwise cause the relocations to be removed.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-\-remove\-relocations=.text.* \-\-remove\-relocations=!.text.foo
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
will remove all relocations for sections matching the pattern
|
|
\&'.text.*', but will not remove relocations for the section
|
|
\&'.text.foo'.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-S"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-all"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-g"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-debug"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded"
|
|
Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-K symbolname"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-symbol=symbolname"
|
|
.PD
|
|
When stripping symbols, keep symbol \fIsymbolname\fR even if it would
|
|
normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-N symbolname"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-symbol=symbolname"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file. This option
|
|
may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbol=symbolname"
|
|
Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file unless it is needed
|
|
by a relocation. This option may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-G symbolname"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-global-symbol=symbolname"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Keep only symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global. Make all other symbols local
|
|
to the file, so that they are not visible externally. This option may
|
|
be given more than once. Note: this option cannot be used in
|
|
conjunction with the \fB\-\-globalize\-symbol\fR or
|
|
\&\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols\fR options.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--localize-hidden"
|
|
In an \s-1ELF\s0 object, mark all symbols that have hidden or internal visibility
|
|
as local. This option applies on top of symbol-specific localization options
|
|
such as \fB\-L\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-L symbolname"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--localize-symbol=symbolname"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Convert a global or weak symbol called \fIsymbolname\fR into a local
|
|
symbol, so that it is not visible externally. This option may be
|
|
given more than once. Note \- unique symbols are not converted.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-W symbolname"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--weaken-symbol=symbolname"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR weak. This option may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--globalize-symbol=symbolname"
|
|
Give symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global scoping so that it is visible
|
|
outside of the file in which it is defined. This option may be given
|
|
more than once. Note: this option cannot be used in conjunction with
|
|
the \fB\-G\fR or \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR options.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-w"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-wildcard\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--wildcard"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Permit regular expressions in \fIsymbolname\fRs used in other command
|
|
line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\e) and
|
|
square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol
|
|
name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation
|
|
point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-w \-W !foo \-W fo*
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with \*(L"fo\*(R"
|
|
except for the symbol \*(L"foo\*(R".
|
|
.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-x"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--discard-all"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-X\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-X"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--discard-locals"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols.
|
|
(These usually start with \fBL\fR or \fB.\fR.)
|
|
.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-b byte"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--byte=byte"
|
|
.PD
|
|
If interleaving has been enabled via the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option
|
|
then start the range of bytes to keep at the \fIbyte\fRth byte.
|
|
\&\fIbyte\fR can be in the range from 0 to \fIbreadth\fR\-1, where
|
|
\&\fIbreadth\fR is the value given by the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-i [\fR\fIbreadth\fR\fB]\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-i [breadth]"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-interleave[=\fR\fIbreadth\fR\fB]\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--interleave[=breadth]"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Only copy a range out of every \fIbreadth\fR bytes. (Header data is
|
|
not affected). Select which byte in the range begins the copy with
|
|
the \fB\-\-byte\fR option. Select the width of the range with the
|
|
\&\fB\-\-interleave\-width\fR option.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
This option is useful for creating files to program \s-1ROM.\s0 It is
|
|
typically used with an \f(CW\*(C`srec\*(C'\fR output target. Note that
|
|
\&\fBobjcopy\fR will complain if you do not specify the
|
|
\&\fB\-\-byte\fR option as well.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
The default interleave breadth is 4, so with \fB\-\-byte\fR set to 0,
|
|
\&\fBobjcopy\fR would copy the first byte out of every four bytes
|
|
from the input to the output.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-interleave\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--interleave-width=width"
|
|
When used with the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option, copy \fIwidth\fR
|
|
bytes at a time. The start of the range of bytes to be copied is set
|
|
by the \fB\-\-byte\fR option, and the extent of the range is set with
|
|
the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
The default value for this option is 1. The value of \fIwidth\fR plus
|
|
the \fIbyte\fR value set by the \fB\-\-byte\fR option must not exceed
|
|
the interleave breadth set by the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
This option can be used to create images for two 16\-bit flashes interleaved
|
|
in a 32\-bit bus by passing \fB\-b 0 \-i 4 \-\-interleave\-width=2\fR
|
|
and \fB\-b 2 \-i 4 \-\-interleave\-width=2\fR to two \fBobjcopy\fR
|
|
commands. If the input was '12345678' then the outputs would be
|
|
\&'1256' and '3478' respectively.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-p"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--preserve-dates"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same
|
|
as those of the input file.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-D\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-D"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--enable-deterministic-archives"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Operate in \fIdeterministic\fR mode. When copying archive members
|
|
and writing the archive index, use zero for UIDs, GIDs, timestamps,
|
|
and use consistent file modes for all files.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If \fIbinutils\fR was configured with
|
|
\&\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR, then this mode is on by default.
|
|
It can be disabled with the \fB\-U\fR option, below.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-U\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-U"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-disable\-deterministic\-archives\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--disable-deterministic-archives"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Do \fInot\fR operate in \fIdeterministic\fR mode. This is the
|
|
inverse of the \fB\-D\fR option, above: when copying archive members
|
|
and writing the archive index, use their actual \s-1UID, GID,\s0 timestamp,
|
|
and file mode values.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
This is the default unless \fIbinutils\fR was configured with
|
|
\&\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--debugging"
|
|
Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default
|
|
because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the
|
|
conversion process can be time consuming.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR \fIval\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--gap-fill val"
|
|
Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fR. This operation applies to
|
|
the \fIload address\fR (\s-1LMA\s0) of the sections. It is done by increasing
|
|
the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra
|
|
space created with \fIval\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-pad\-to\fR \fIaddress\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--pad-to address"
|
|
Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fR. This is
|
|
done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is
|
|
filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR (default zero).
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-set\-start\fR \fIval\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--set-start val"
|
|
Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fR. Not all object file
|
|
formats support setting the start address.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--change-start incr"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--adjust-start incr"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Change the start address by adding \fIincr\fR. Not all object file
|
|
formats support setting the start address.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--change-addresses incr"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--adjust-vma incr"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Change the \s-1VMA\s0 and \s-1LMA\s0 addresses of all sections, as well as the start
|
|
address, by adding \fIincr\fR. Some object file formats do not permit
|
|
section addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not
|
|
relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a
|
|
certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such
|
|
that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--change-section-address sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--adjust-section-vma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Set or change both the \s-1VMA\s0 address and the \s-1LMA\s0 address of any section
|
|
matching \fIsectionpattern\fR. If \fB=\fR is used, the section
|
|
address is set to \fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or
|
|
subtracted from the section address. See the comments under
|
|
\&\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above. If \fIsectionpattern\fR does not
|
|
match any sections in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
|
|
\&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--change-section-lma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
|
|
Set or change the \s-1LMA\s0 address of any sections matching
|
|
\&\fIsectionpattern\fR. The \s-1LMA\s0 address is the address where the
|
|
section will be loaded into memory at program load time. Normally
|
|
this is the same as the \s-1VMA\s0 address, which is the address of the
|
|
section at program run time, but on some systems, especially those
|
|
where a program is held in \s-1ROM,\s0 the two can be different. If \fB=\fR
|
|
is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fR. Otherwise,
|
|
\&\fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the
|
|
comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above. If
|
|
\&\fIsectionpattern\fR does not match any sections in the input file, a
|
|
warning will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--change-section-vma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
|
|
Set or change the \s-1VMA\s0 address of any section matching
|
|
\&\fIsectionpattern\fR. The \s-1VMA\s0 address is the address where the
|
|
section will be located once the program has started executing.
|
|
Normally this is the same as the \s-1LMA\s0 address, which is the address
|
|
where the section will be loaded into memory, but on some systems,
|
|
especially those where a program is held in \s-1ROM,\s0 the two can be
|
|
different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
|
|
\&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
|
|
section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
|
|
above. If \fIsectionpattern\fR does not match any sections in the
|
|
input file, a warning will be issued, unless
|
|
\&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--change-warnings"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--adjust-warnings"
|
|
.PD
|
|
If \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR or
|
|
\&\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR is used, and the section pattern does not
|
|
match any sections, issue a warning. This is the default.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--no-change-warnings"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--no-adjust-warnings"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or
|
|
\&\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-lma\fR or \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR is used, even
|
|
if the section pattern does not match any sections.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB=\fR\fIflags\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--set-section-flags sectionpattern=flags"
|
|
Set the flags for any sections matching \fIsectionpattern\fR. The
|
|
\&\fIflags\fR argument is a comma separated string of flag names. The
|
|
recognized names are \fBalloc\fR, \fBcontents\fR, \fBload\fR,
|
|
\&\fBnoload\fR, \fBreadonly\fR, \fBcode\fR, \fBdata\fR, \fBrom\fR,
|
|
\&\fBshare\fR, and \fBdebug\fR. You can set the \fBcontents\fR flag
|
|
for a section which does not have contents, but it is not meaningful
|
|
to clear the \fBcontents\fR flag of a section which does have
|
|
contents\*(--just remove the section instead. Not all flags are
|
|
meaningful for all object file formats.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-set\-section\-alignment\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB=\fR\fIalign\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--set-section-alignment sectionpattern=align"
|
|
Set the alignment for any sections matching \fIsectionpattern\fR.
|
|
\&\fIalign\fR specifies the alignment in bytes and must be a power of
|
|
two, i.e. 1, 2, 4, 8....
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--add-section sectionname=filename"
|
|
Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The
|
|
contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. The
|
|
size of the section will be the size of the file. This option only
|
|
works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names.
|
|
Note \- it may be necessary to use the \fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR
|
|
option to set the attributes of the newly created section.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-dump\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--dump-section sectionname=filename"
|
|
Place the contents of section named \fIsectionname\fR into the file
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR, overwriting any contents that may have been there
|
|
previously. This option is the inverse of \fB\-\-add\-section\fR.
|
|
This option is similar to the \fB\-\-only\-section\fR option except
|
|
that it does not create a formatted file, it just dumps the contents
|
|
as raw binary data, without applying any relocations. The option can
|
|
be specified more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-update\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--update-section sectionname=filename"
|
|
Replace the existing contents of a section named \fIsectionname\fR
|
|
with the contents of file \fIfilename\fR. The size of the section
|
|
will be adjusted to the size of the file. The section flags for
|
|
\&\fIsectionname\fR will be unchanged. For \s-1ELF\s0 format files the section
|
|
to segment mapping will also remain unchanged, something which is not
|
|
possible using \fB\-\-remove\-section\fR followed by
|
|
\&\fB\-\-add\-section\fR. The option can be specified more than once.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Note \- it is possible to use \fB\-\-rename\-section\fR and
|
|
\&\fB\-\-update\-section\fR to both update and rename a section from one
|
|
command line. In this case, pass the original section name to
|
|
\&\fB\-\-update\-section\fR, and the original and new section names to
|
|
\&\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-add\-symbol\fR \fIname\fR\fB=[\fR\fIsection\fR\fB:]\fR\fIvalue\fR\fB[,\fR\fIflags\fR\fB]\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--add-symbol name=[section:]value[,flags]"
|
|
Add a new symbol named \fIname\fR while copying the file. This option may be
|
|
specified multiple times. If the \fIsection\fR is given, the symbol will be
|
|
associated with and relative to that section, otherwise it will be an \s-1ABS\s0
|
|
symbol. Specifying an undefined section will result in a fatal error. There
|
|
is no check for the value, it will be taken as specified. Symbol flags can
|
|
be specified and not all flags will be meaningful for all object file
|
|
formats. By default, the symbol will be global. The special flag
|
|
\&'before=\fIothersym\fR' will insert the new symbol in front of the specified
|
|
\&\fIothersym\fR, otherwise the symbol(s) will be added at the end of the
|
|
symbol table in the order they appear.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR\fB=\fR\fInewname\fR\fB[,\fR\fIflags\fR\fB]\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--rename-section oldname=newname[,flags]"
|
|
Rename a section from \fIoldname\fR to \fInewname\fR, optionally
|
|
changing the section's flags to \fIflags\fR in the process. This has
|
|
the advantage over using a linker script to perform the rename in that
|
|
the output stays as an object file and does not become a linked
|
|
executable.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
This option is particularly helpful when the input format is binary,
|
|
since this will always create a section called .data. If for example,
|
|
you wanted instead to create a section called .rodata containing binary
|
|
data you could use the following command line to achieve it:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& objcopy \-I binary \-O <output_format> \-B <architecture> \e
|
|
\& \-\-rename\-section .data=.rodata,alloc,load,readonly,data,contents \e
|
|
\& <input_binary_file> <output_object_file>
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-long\-section\-names {enable,disable,keep}\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--long-section-names {enable,disable,keep}"
|
|
Controls the handling of long section names when processing \f(CW\*(C`COFF\*(C'\fR
|
|
and \f(CW\*(C`PE\-COFF\*(C'\fR object formats. The default behaviour, \fBkeep\fR,
|
|
is to preserve long section names if any are present in the input file.
|
|
The \fBenable\fR and \fBdisable\fR options forcibly enable or disable
|
|
the use of long section names in the output object; when \fBdisable\fR
|
|
is in effect, any long section names in the input object will be truncated.
|
|
The \fBenable\fR option will only emit long section names if any are
|
|
present in the inputs; this is mostly the same as \fBkeep\fR, but it
|
|
is left undefined whether the \fBenable\fR option might force the
|
|
creation of an empty string table in the output file.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--change-leading-char"
|
|
Some object file formats use special characters at the start of
|
|
symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers
|
|
often add before every symbol. This option tells \fBobjcopy\fR to
|
|
change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between
|
|
object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading
|
|
character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add a
|
|
character, or remove a character, or change a character, as
|
|
appropriate.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--remove-leading-char"
|
|
If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading
|
|
character used by the object file format, remove the character. The
|
|
most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will
|
|
remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful
|
|
if you want to link together objects of different file formats with
|
|
different conventions for symbol names. This is different from
|
|
\&\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR because it always changes the symbol name
|
|
when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output
|
|
file.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--reverse-bytes=num"
|
|
Reverse the bytes in a section with output contents. A section length must
|
|
be evenly divisible by the value given in order for the swap to be able to
|
|
take place. Reversing takes place before the interleaving is performed.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
This option is used typically in generating \s-1ROM\s0 images for problematic
|
|
target systems. For example, on some target boards, the 32\-bit words
|
|
fetched from 8\-bit ROMs are re-assembled in little-endian byte order
|
|
regardless of the \s-1CPU\s0 byte order. Depending on the programming model, the
|
|
endianness of the \s-1ROM\s0 may need to be modified.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Consider a simple file with a section containing the following eight
|
|
bytes: \f(CW12345678\fR.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
|
|
output file would be ordered \f(CW21436587\fR.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
|
|
output file would be ordered \f(CW43218765\fR.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
By using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, followed by
|
|
\&\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR on the output file, the bytes in the second
|
|
output file would be ordered \f(CW34127856\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--srec-len=ival"
|
|
Meaningful only for srec output. Set the maximum length of the Srecords
|
|
being produced to \fIival\fR. This length covers both address, data and
|
|
crc fields.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--srec-forceS3"
|
|
Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records,
|
|
creating S3\-only record format.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--redefine-sym old=new"
|
|
Change the name of a symbol \fIold\fR, to \fInew\fR. This can be useful
|
|
when one is trying link two things together for which you have no
|
|
source, and there are name collisions.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--redefine-syms=filename"
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR to each symbol pair "\fIold\fR \fInew\fR"
|
|
listed in the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file,
|
|
with one symbol pair per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
|
|
character. This option may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--weaken"
|
|
Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful
|
|
when building an object which will be linked against other objects using
|
|
the \fB\-R\fR option to the linker. This option is only effective when
|
|
using an object file format which supports weak symbols.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-symbols=filename"
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-keep\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
|
|
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
|
|
This option may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-symbols=filename"
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-strip\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
|
|
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
|
|
This option may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbols=filename"
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in
|
|
the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
|
|
symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
|
|
character. This option may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-global-symbols=filename"
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the
|
|
file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
|
|
symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
|
|
character. This option may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--localize-symbols=filename"
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-localize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
|
|
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
|
|
This option may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--globalize-symbols=filename"
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-globalize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
|
|
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
|
|
This option may be given more than once. Note: this option cannot be
|
|
used in conjunction with the \fB\-G\fR or \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR
|
|
options.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--weaken-symbols=filename"
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
|
|
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
|
|
This option may be given more than once.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--alt-machine-code=index"
|
|
If the output architecture has alternate machine codes, use the
|
|
\&\fIindex\fRth code instead of the default one. This is useful in case
|
|
a machine is assigned an official code and the tool-chain adopts the
|
|
new code, but other applications still depend on the original code
|
|
being used. For \s-1ELF\s0 based architectures if the \fIindex\fR
|
|
alternative does not exist then the value is treated as an absolute
|
|
number to be stored in the e_machine field of the \s-1ELF\s0 header.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--writable-text"
|
|
Mark the output text as writable. This option isn't meaningful for all
|
|
object file formats.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--readonly-text"
|
|
Make the output text write protected. This option isn't meaningful for all
|
|
object file formats.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-pure\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--pure"
|
|
Mark the output file as demand paged. This option isn't meaningful for all
|
|
object file formats.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-impure\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--impure"
|
|
Mark the output file as impure. This option isn't meaningful for all
|
|
object file formats.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--prefix-symbols=string"
|
|
Prefix all symbols in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--prefix-sections=string"
|
|
Prefix all section names in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--prefix-alloc-sections=string"
|
|
Prefix all the names of all allocated sections in the output file with
|
|
\&\fIstring\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--add-gnu-debuglink=path-to-file"
|
|
Creates a .gnu_debuglink section which contains a reference to
|
|
\&\fIpath-to-file\fR and adds it to the output file. Note: the file at
|
|
\&\fIpath-to-file\fR must exist. Part of the process of adding the
|
|
\&.gnu_debuglink section involves embedding a checksum of the contents
|
|
of the debug info file into the section.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If the debug info file is built in one location but it is going to be
|
|
installed at a later time into a different location then do not use
|
|
the path to the installed location. The \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR
|
|
option will fail because the installed file does not exist yet.
|
|
Instead put the debug info file in the current directory and use the
|
|
\&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR option without any directory components,
|
|
like this:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.debug
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
At debug time the debugger will attempt to look for the separate debug
|
|
info file in a set of known locations. The exact set of these
|
|
locations varies depending upon the distribution being used, but it
|
|
typically includes:
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
.ie n .IP """* The same directory as the executable.""" 4
|
|
.el .IP "\f(CW* The same directory as the executable.\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "* The same directory as the executable."
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.ie n .IP """* A sub\-directory of the directory containing the executable""" 4
|
|
.el .IP "\f(CW* A sub\-directory of the directory containing the executable\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "* A sub-directory of the directory containing the executable"
|
|
.PD
|
|
called .debug
|
|
.ie n .IP """* A global debug directory such as /usr/lib/debug.""" 4
|
|
.el .IP "\f(CW* A global debug directory such as /usr/lib/debug.\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "* A global debug directory such as /usr/lib/debug."
|
|
.RE
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
.Sp
|
|
As long as the debug info file has been installed into one of these
|
|
locations before the debugger is run everything should work
|
|
correctly.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-file-symbols"
|
|
When stripping a file, perhaps with \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR or
|
|
\&\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR, retain any symbols specifying source file names,
|
|
which would otherwise get stripped.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--only-keep-debug"
|
|
Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be
|
|
stripped by \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR and leaving the debugging sections
|
|
intact. In \s-1ELF\s0 files, this preserves all note sections in the output.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Note \- the section headers of the stripped sections are preserved,
|
|
including their sizes, but the contents of the section are discarded.
|
|
The section headers are preserved so that other tools can match up the
|
|
debuginfo file with the real executable, even if that executable has
|
|
been relocated to a different address space.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with
|
|
\&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR to create a two part executable. One a
|
|
stripped binary which will occupy less space in \s-1RAM\s0 and in a
|
|
distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only
|
|
needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure
|
|
to create these files is as follows:
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
.IP "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that it is called>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that it is called>"
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR then...
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg"" to>" 4
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg\fR to>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg to>"
|
|
create a file containing the debugging info.
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"" to create a>" 4
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR to create a>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo to create a>"
|
|
stripped executable.
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo"">" 4
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo\fR>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo>"
|
|
to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Note\-\-\-the choice of \f(CW\*(C`.dbg\*(C'\fR as an extension for the debug info
|
|
file is arbitrary. Also the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-only\-keep\-debug\*(C'\fR step is
|
|
optional. You could instead do this:
|
|
.IP "1.<Link the executable as normal.>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal.>"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Copy ""foo"" to ""foo.full"">" 4
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Copy \f(CWfoo\fR to \f(CWfoo.full\fR>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Copy foo to foo.full>"
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"">" 4
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo>"
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo"">" 4
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo\fR>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo>"
|
|
.RE
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
.PD
|
|
.Sp
|
|
i.e., the file pointed to by the \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR can be the
|
|
full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the
|
|
\&\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR switch.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Note\-\-\-this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It
|
|
does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging
|
|
information may be incomplete. Besides the gnu_debuglink feature
|
|
currently only supports the presence of one filename containing
|
|
debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file
|
|
basis.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-dwo"
|
|
Remove the contents of all \s-1DWARF\s0 .dwo sections, leaving the
|
|
remaining debugging sections and all symbols intact.
|
|
This option is intended for use by the compiler as part of
|
|
the \fB\-gsplit\-dwarf\fR option, which splits debug information
|
|
between the .o file and a separate .dwo file. The compiler
|
|
generates all debug information in the same file, then uses
|
|
the \fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR option to copy the .dwo sections to
|
|
the .dwo file, then the \fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR option to remove
|
|
those sections from the original .o file.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--extract-dwo"
|
|
Extract the contents of all \s-1DWARF\s0 .dwo sections. See the
|
|
\&\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR option for more information.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-file\-alignment\fR \fInum\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--file-alignment num"
|
|
Specify the file alignment. Sections in the file will always begin at
|
|
file offsets which are multiples of this number. This defaults to
|
|
512.
|
|
[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-heap\fR \fIreserve\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--heap reserve"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-heap\fR \fIreserve\fR\fB,\fR\fIcommit\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--heap reserve,commit"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve (and optionally commit)
|
|
to be used as heap for this program.
|
|
[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-image\-base\fR \fIvalue\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--image-base value"
|
|
Use \fIvalue\fR as the base address of your program or dll. This is
|
|
the lowest memory location that will be used when your program or dll
|
|
is loaded. To reduce the need to relocate and improve performance of
|
|
your dlls, each should have a unique base address and not overlap any
|
|
other dlls. The default is 0x400000 for executables, and 0x10000000
|
|
for dlls.
|
|
[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-section\-alignment\fR \fInum\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--section-alignment num"
|
|
Sets the section alignment field in the \s-1PE\s0 header. Sections in memory
|
|
will always begin at addresses which are a multiple of this number.
|
|
Defaults to 0x1000.
|
|
[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-stack\fR \fIreserve\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--stack reserve"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-stack\fR \fIreserve\fR\fB,\fR\fIcommit\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--stack reserve,commit"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve (and optionally commit)
|
|
to be used as stack for this program.
|
|
[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--subsystem which"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR\fB:\fR\fImajor\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--subsystem which:major"
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR\fB:\fR\fImajor\fR\fB.\fR\fIminor\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--subsystem which:major.minor"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Specifies the subsystem under which your program will execute. The
|
|
legal values for \fIwhich\fR are \f(CW\*(C`native\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`windows\*(C'\fR,
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`console\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`posix\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`efi\-app\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`efi\-bsd\*(C'\fR,
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`efi\-rtd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sal\-rtd\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`xbox\*(C'\fR. You may optionally set
|
|
the subsystem version also. Numeric values are also accepted for
|
|
\&\fIwhich\fR.
|
|
[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--extract-symbol"
|
|
Keep the file's section flags and symbols but remove all section data.
|
|
Specifically, the option:
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
.IP "*<removes the contents of all sections;>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "*<removes the contents of all sections;>"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>"
|
|
.IP "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>" 4
|
|
.IX Item "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>"
|
|
.RE
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
.PD
|
|
.Sp
|
|
This option is used to build a \fI.sym\fR file for a VxWorks kernel.
|
|
It can also be a useful way of reducing the size of a \fB\-\-just\-symbols\fR
|
|
linker input file.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--compress-debug-sections"
|
|
Compress \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections using zlib with \s-1SHF_COMPRESSED\s0 from the
|
|
\&\s-1ELF ABI.\s0 Note \- if compression would actually make a section
|
|
\&\fIlarger\fR, then it is not compressed.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=none\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--compress-debug-sections=none"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--compress-debug-sections=zlib"
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\-gnu\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--compress-debug-sections=zlib-gnu"
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\-gabi\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--compress-debug-sections=zlib-gabi"
|
|
.PD
|
|
For \s-1ELF\s0 files, these options control how \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections are
|
|
compressed. \fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=none\fR is equivalent
|
|
to \fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR.
|
|
\&\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\fR and
|
|
\&\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\-gabi\fR are equivalent to
|
|
\&\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR.
|
|
\&\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\-gnu\fR compresses \s-1DWARF\s0 debug
|
|
sections using zlib. The debug sections are renamed to begin with
|
|
\&\fB.zdebug\fR instead of \fB.debug\fR. Note \- if compression would
|
|
actually make a section \fIlarger\fR, then it is not compressed nor
|
|
renamed.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--decompress-debug-sections"
|
|
Decompress \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections using zlib. The original section
|
|
names of the compressed sections are restored.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-elf\-stt\-common=yes\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--elf-stt-common=yes"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-elf\-stt\-common=no\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--elf-stt-common=no"
|
|
.PD
|
|
For \s-1ELF\s0 files, these options control whether common symbols should be
|
|
converted to the \f(CW\*(C`STT_COMMON\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`STT_OBJECT\*(C'\fR type.
|
|
\&\fB\-\-elf\-stt\-common=yes\fR converts common symbol type to
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`STT_COMMON\*(C'\fR. \fB\-\-elf\-stt\-common=no\fR converts common symbol
|
|
type to \f(CW\*(C`STT_OBJECT\*(C'\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-merge\-notes\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--merge-notes"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-merge\-notes\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--no-merge-notes"
|
|
.PD
|
|
For \s-1ELF\s0 files, attempt (or do not attempt) to reduce the size of any
|
|
\&\s-1SHT_NOTE\s0 type sections by removing duplicate notes.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-V"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--version"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Show the version number of \fBobjcopy\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-verilog\-data\-width=\fR\fIbytes\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--verilog-data-width=bytes"
|
|
For Verilog output, this options controls the number of bytes
|
|
converted for each output data element. The input target controls the
|
|
endianness of the conversion.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-v"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--verbose"
|
|
.PD
|
|
Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
|
|
archives, \fBobjcopy \-V\fR lists all members of the archive.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--help"
|
|
Show a summary of the options to \fBobjcopy\fR.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "--info"
|
|
Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.
|
|
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "@file"
|
|
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
|
|
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
|
|
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
|
|
literally, and not removed.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
|
|
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
|
|
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
|
|
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
|
|
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
|
|
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
|
\&\fBld\fR\|(1), \fBobjdump\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
Copyright (c) 1991\-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
|
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
|
|
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
|
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
|
|
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
|
|
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".
|