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123 lines
5.2 KiB
HTML
123 lines
5.2 KiB
HTML
4 years ago
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<title>Unnamed Fields - Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
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<meta name="description" content="Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)">
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<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
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<link rel="up" href="C-Extensions.html#C-Extensions" title="C Extensions">
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<link rel="prev" href="Pragmas.html#Pragmas" title="Pragmas">
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<link rel="next" href="Thread_002dLocal.html#Thread_002dLocal" title="Thread-Local">
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<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
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Copyright (C) 1988-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
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any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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Invariant Sections being ``Funding Free Software'', the Front-Cover
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(see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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``GNU Free Documentation License''.
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(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
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A GNU Manual
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(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
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You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
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--></style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="node">
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<a name="Unnamed-Fields"></a>
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<p>
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Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Thread_002dLocal.html#Thread_002dLocal">Thread-Local</a>,
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Pragmas.html#Pragmas">Pragmas</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="C-Extensions.html#C-Extensions">C Extensions</a>
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<hr>
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</div>
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<h3 class="section">6.61 Unnamed Structure and Union Fields</h3>
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<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bstruct_007d-4189"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bunion_007d-4190"></a>
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As permitted by ISO C11 and for compatibility with other compilers,
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GCC allows you to define
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a structure or union that contains, as fields, structures and unions
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without names. For example:
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<pre class="smallexample"> struct {
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int a;
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union {
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int b;
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float c;
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};
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int d;
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} foo;
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</pre>
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<p class="noindent">In this example, you are able to access members of the unnamed
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union with code like ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo.b</span></samp>’. Note that only unnamed structs and
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unions are allowed, you may not have, for example, an unnamed
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<code>int</code>.
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<p>You must never create such structures that cause ambiguous field definitions.
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For example, in this structure:
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<pre class="smallexample"> struct {
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int a;
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struct {
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int a;
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};
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} foo;
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</pre>
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<p class="noindent">it is ambiguous which <code>a</code> is being referred to with ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo.a</span></samp>’.
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The compiler gives errors for such constructs.
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<p><a name="index-fms_002dextensions-4191"></a>Unless <samp><span class="option">-fms-extensions</span></samp> is used, the unnamed field must be a
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structure or union definition without a tag (for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">struct
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{ int a; };</span></samp>’). If <samp><span class="option">-fms-extensions</span></samp> is used, the field may
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also be a definition with a tag such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">struct foo { int a;
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};</span></samp>’, a reference to a previously defined structure or union such as
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‘<samp><span class="samp">struct foo;</span></samp>’, or a reference to a <code>typedef</code> name for a
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previously defined structure or union type.
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<p><a name="index-fplan9_002dextensions-4192"></a>The option <samp><span class="option">-fplan9-extensions</span></samp> enables
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<samp><span class="option">-fms-extensions</span></samp> as well as two other extensions. First, a
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pointer to a structure is automatically converted to a pointer to an
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anonymous field for assignments and function calls. For example:
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<pre class="smallexample"> struct s1 { int a; };
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struct s2 { struct s1; };
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extern void f1 (struct s1 *);
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void f2 (struct s2 *p) { f1 (p); }
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</pre>
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<p class="noindent">In the call to <code>f1</code> inside <code>f2</code>, the pointer <code>p</code> is
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converted into a pointer to the anonymous field.
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<p>Second, when the type of an anonymous field is a <code>typedef</code> for a
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<code>struct</code> or <code>union</code>, code may refer to the field using the
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name of the <code>typedef</code>.
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<pre class="smallexample"> typedef struct { int a; } s1;
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struct s2 { s1; };
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s1 f1 (struct s2 *p) { return p->s1; }
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</pre>
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<p>These usages are only permitted when they are not ambiguous.
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</body></html>
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