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148 lines
6.4 KiB
HTML
148 lines
6.4 KiB
HTML
4 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
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any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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Invariant Sections being "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover
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Texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b)
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(see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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"GNU Free Documentation License".
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(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
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A GNU Manual
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(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
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You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
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software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
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funds for GNU development. -->
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.4, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>What you can and what you cannot do in +load (Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC))</title>
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<meta name="description" content="What you can and what you cannot do in +load (Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC))">
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<meta name="keywords" content="What you can and what you cannot do in +load (Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC))">
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<meta name="distribution" content="global">
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<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" rel="index" title="Option Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="Executing-code-before-main.html#Executing-code-before-main" rel="up" title="Executing code before main">
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<link href="Type-encoding.html#Type-encoding" rel="next" title="Type encoding">
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<link href="Executing-code-before-main.html#Executing-code-before-main" rel="prev" title="Executing code before main">
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</style>
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</head>
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<body lang="en">
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<a name="What-you-can-and-what-you-cannot-do-in-_002bload"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Up: <a href="Executing-code-before-main.html#Executing-code-before-main" accesskey="u" rel="up">Executing code before main</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="What-You-Can-and-Cannot-Do-in-_002bload"></a>
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<h4 class="subsection">8.2.1 What You Can and Cannot Do in <code>+load</code></h4>
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<p><code>+load</code> is to be used only as a last resort. Because it is
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executed very early, most of the Objective-C runtime machinery will
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not be ready when <code>+load</code> is executed; hence <code>+load</code> works
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best for executing C code that is independent on the Objective-C
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runtime.
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</p>
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<p>The <code>+load</code> implementation in the GNU runtime guarantees you the
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following things:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li> you can write whatever C code you like;
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</li><li> you can allocate and send messages to objects whose class is implemented
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in the same file;
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</li><li> the <code>+load</code> implementation of all super classes of a class are
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executed before the <code>+load</code> of that class is executed;
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</li><li> the <code>+load</code> implementation of a class is executed before the
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<code>+load</code> implementation of any category.
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</li></ul>
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<p>In particular, the following things, even if they can work in a
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particular case, are not guaranteed:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li> allocation of or sending messages to arbitrary objects;
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</li><li> allocation of or sending messages to objects whose classes have a
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category implemented in the same file;
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</li><li> sending messages to Objective-C constant strings (<code>@"this is a
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constant string"</code>);
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</li></ul>
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<p>You should make no assumptions about receiving <code>+load</code> in sibling
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classes when you write <code>+load</code> of a class. The order in which
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sibling classes receive <code>+load</code> is not guaranteed.
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</p>
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<p>The order in which <code>+load</code> and <code>+initialize</code> are called could
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be problematic if this matters. If you don’t allocate objects inside
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<code>+load</code>, it is guaranteed that <code>+load</code> is called before
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<code>+initialize</code>. If you create an object inside <code>+load</code> the
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<code>+initialize</code> method of object’s class is invoked even if
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<code>+load</code> was not invoked. Note if you explicitly call <code>+load</code>
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on a class, <code>+initialize</code> will be called first. To avoid possible
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problems try to implement only one of these methods.
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</p>
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<p>The <code>+load</code> method is also invoked when a bundle is dynamically
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loaded into your running program. This happens automatically without any
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intervening operation from you. When you write bundles and you need to
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write <code>+load</code> you can safely create and send messages to objects whose
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classes already exist in the running program. The same restrictions as
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above apply to classes defined in bundle.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Up: <a href="Executing-code-before-main.html#Executing-code-before-main" accesskey="u" rel="up">Executing code before main</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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