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481 lines
19 KiB
HTML
481 lines
19 KiB
HTML
4 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- Copyright (C) 1991-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
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-->
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.4, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>nm (GNU Binary Utilities)</title>
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<meta name="description" content="nm (GNU Binary Utilities)">
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<meta name="keywords" content="nm (GNU Binary Utilities)">
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<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
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<meta name="distribution" content="global">
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<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" rel="index" title="Binutils Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="up" title="Top">
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<link href="objcopy.html#objcopy" rel="next" title="objcopy">
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<link href="ar-scripts.html#ar-scripts" rel="prev" title="ar scripts">
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<style type="text/css">
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<!--
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a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
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blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}
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blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller}
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blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
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div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
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kbd {font-style: oblique}
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pre.display {font-family: inherit}
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pre.format {font-family: inherit}
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pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
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pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
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pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
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pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
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pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
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pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
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span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap}
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span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal}
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span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal}
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ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
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-->
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</style>
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</head>
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<body lang="en">
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<a name="nm"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="objcopy.html#objcopy" accesskey="n" rel="next">objcopy</a>, Previous: <a href="ar.html#ar" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ar</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="nm-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">2 nm</h2>
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<a name="index-symbols"></a>
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<a name="index-nm"></a>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">nm [<samp>-A</samp>|<samp>-o</samp>|<samp>--print-file-name</samp>] [<samp>-a</samp>|<samp>--debug-syms</samp>]
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[<samp>-B</samp>|<samp>--format=bsd</samp>] [<samp>-C</samp>|<samp>--demangle</samp>[=<var>style</var>]]
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[<samp>-D</samp>|<samp>--dynamic</samp>] [<samp>-f</samp><var>format</var>|<samp>--format=</samp><var>format</var>]
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[<samp>-g</samp>|<samp>--extern-only</samp>] [<samp>-h</samp>|<samp>--help</samp>]
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[<samp>-l</samp>|<samp>--line-numbers</samp>] [<samp>--inlines</samp>]
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[<samp>-n</samp>|<samp>-v</samp>|<samp>--numeric-sort</samp>]
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[<samp>-P</samp>|<samp>--portability</samp>] [<samp>-p</samp>|<samp>--no-sort</samp>]
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[<samp>-r</samp>|<samp>--reverse-sort</samp>] [<samp>-S</samp>|<samp>--print-size</samp>]
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[<samp>-s</samp>|<samp>--print-armap</samp>] [<samp>-t</samp> <var>radix</var>|<samp>--radix=</samp><var>radix</var>]
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[<samp>-u</samp>|<samp>--undefined-only</samp>] [<samp>-V</samp>|<samp>--version</samp>]
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[<samp>-X 32_64</samp>] [<samp>--defined-only</samp>] [<samp>--no-demangle</samp>]
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[<samp>--plugin</samp> <var>name</var>]
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[<samp>--no-recurse-limit</samp>|<samp>--recurse-limit</samp>]]
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[<samp>--size-sort</samp>] [<samp>--special-syms</samp>]
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[<samp>--synthetic</samp>] [<samp>--with-symbol-versions</samp>] [<samp>--target=</samp><var>bfdname</var>]
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[<var>objfile</var>…]
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</pre></div>
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<p><small>GNU</small> <code>nm</code> lists the symbols from object files <var>objfile</var>….
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If no object files are listed as arguments, <code>nm</code> assumes the file
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<samp>a.out</samp>.
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</p>
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<p>For each symbol, <code>nm</code> shows:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li> The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below), or
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hexadecimal by default.
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</li><li> The symbol type. At least the following types are used; others are, as
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well, depending on the object file format. If lowercase, the symbol is
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usually local; if uppercase, the symbol is global (external). There
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are however a few lowercase symbols that are shown for special global
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symbols (<code>u</code>, <code>v</code> and <code>w</code>).
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt><code>A</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol’s value is absolute, and will not be changed by further
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linking.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>B</code></dt>
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<dt><code>b</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is in the BSS data section. This section typically
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contains zero-initialized or uninitialized data, although the exact
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behavior is system dependent.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>C</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is common. Common symbols are uninitialized data. When
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linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the same name. If the
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symbol is defined anywhere, the common symbols are treated as undefined
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references.
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For more details on common symbols, see the discussion of
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–warn-common in <a href="http://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/ld/Options.html#Options">Linker options</a> in <cite>The GNU linker</cite>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>D</code></dt>
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<dt><code>d</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is in the initialized data section.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>G</code></dt>
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<dt><code>g</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is in an initialized data section for small objects. Some
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object file formats permit more efficient access to small data objects,
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such as a global int variable as opposed to a large global array.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>i</code></dt>
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<dd><p>For PE format files this indicates that the symbol is in a section
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specific to the implementation of DLLs. For ELF format files this
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indicates that the symbol is an indirect function. This is a GNU
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extension to the standard set of ELF symbol types. It indicates a
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symbol which if referenced by a relocation does not evaluate to its
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address, but instead must be invoked at runtime. The runtime
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execution will then return the value to be used in the relocation.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>I</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>N</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is a debugging symbol.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>p</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbols is in a stack unwind section.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>R</code></dt>
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<dt><code>r</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is in a read only data section.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>S</code></dt>
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<dt><code>s</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is in an uninitialized or zero-initialized data section
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for small objects.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>T</code></dt>
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<dt><code>t</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is in the text (code) section.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>U</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is undefined.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>u</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is a unique global symbol. This is a GNU extension to the
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standard set of ELF symbol bindings. For such a symbol the dynamic linker
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will make sure that in the entire process there is just one symbol with
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this name and type in use.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>V</code></dt>
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<dt><code>v</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is a weak object. When a weak defined symbol is linked with
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a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error.
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When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined,
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the value of the weak symbol becomes zero with no error. On some
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systems, uppercase indicates that a default value has been specified.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>W</code></dt>
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<dt><code>w</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been specifically tagged as a
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weak object symbol. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal
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defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error.
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When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined,
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the value of the symbol is determined in a system-specific manner without
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error. On some systems, uppercase indicates that a default value has been
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specified.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In this case, the
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next values printed are the stabs other field, the stabs desc field, and
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the stab type. Stabs symbols are used to hold debugging information.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>?</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The symbol type is unknown, or object file format specific.
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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</li><li> The symbol name.
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</li></ul>
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<p>The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
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equivalent.
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt><code>-A</code></dt>
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<dt><code>-o</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--print-file-name</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-input-file-name"></a>
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<a name="index-file-name"></a>
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<a name="index-source-file-name"></a>
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<p>Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive member)
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in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file once only,
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before all of its symbols.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-a</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--debug-syms</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-debugging-symbols"></a>
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<p>Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally these are not
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listed.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-B</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-nm-format"></a>
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<a name="index-nm-compatibility"></a>
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<p>The same as <samp>--format=bsd</samp> (for compatibility with the MIPS <code>nm</code>).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-C</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--demangle[=<var>style</var>]</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-demangling-in-nm"></a>
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<p>Decode (<em>demangle</em>) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
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Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
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makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different
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mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
|
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choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. See <a href="c_002b_002bfilt.html#c_002b_002bfilt">c++filt</a>,
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for more information on demangling.
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</p>
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||
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</dd>
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<dt><code>--no-demangle</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Do not demangle low-level symbol names. This is the default.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>--recurse-limit</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--no-recurse-limit</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--recursion-limit</code></dt>
|
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<dt><code>--no-recursion-limit</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Enables or disables a limit on the amount of recursion performed
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whilst demangling strings. Since the name mangling formats allow for
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an inifinite level of recursion it is possible to create strings whose
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decoding will exhaust the amount of stack space available on the host
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machine, triggering a memory fault. The limit tries to prevent this
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from happening by restricting recursion to 2048 levels of nesting.
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</p>
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<p>The default is for this limit to be enabled, but disabling it may be
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necessary in order to demangle truly complicated names. Note however
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that if the recursion limit is disabled then stack exhaustion is
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possible and any bug reports about such an event will be rejected.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-D</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--dynamic</code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-dynamic-symbols"></a>
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<p>Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal symbols. This is
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only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
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libraries.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-f <var>format</var></code></dt>
|
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<dt><code>--format=<var>format</var></code></dt>
|
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<dd><a name="index-nm-format-1"></a>
|
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<a name="index-nm-compatibility-1"></a>
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<p>Use the output format <var>format</var>, which can be <code>bsd</code>,
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<code>sysv</code>, or <code>posix</code>. The default is <code>bsd</code>.
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Only the first character of <var>format</var> is significant; it can be
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either upper or lower case.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-g</code></dt>
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||
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<dt><code>--extern-only</code></dt>
|
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|
|
<dd><a name="index-external-symbols"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Display only external symbols.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-h</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--help</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Show a summary of the options to <code>nm</code> and exit.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-l</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--line-numbers</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-symbol-line-numbers"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find a filename and
|
||
|
|
line number. For a defined symbol, look for the line number of the
|
||
|
|
address of the symbol. For an undefined symbol, look for the line
|
||
|
|
number of a relocation entry which refers to the symbol. If line number
|
||
|
|
information can be found, print it after the other symbol information.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--inlines</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-objdump-inlines"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>When option <samp>-l</samp> is active, if the address belongs to a
|
||
|
|
function that was inlined, then this option causes the source
|
||
|
|
information for all enclosing scopes back to the first non-inlined
|
||
|
|
function to be printed as well. For example, if <code>main</code> inlines
|
||
|
|
<code>callee1</code> which inlines <code>callee2</code>, and address is from
|
||
|
|
<code>callee2</code>, the source information for <code>callee1</code> and <code>main</code>
|
||
|
|
will also be printed.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-n</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-v</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--numeric-sort</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabetically
|
||
|
|
by their names.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-p</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--no-sort</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-sorting-symbols"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them in the order
|
||
|
|
encountered.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-P</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--portability</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Use the POSIX.2 standard output format instead of the default format.
|
||
|
|
Equivalent to ‘<samp>-f posix</samp>’.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-r</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--reverse-sort</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the
|
||
|
|
last come first.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-S</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--print-size</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Print both value and size of defined symbols for the <code>bsd</code> output style.
|
||
|
|
This option has no effect for object formats that do not record symbol
|
||
|
|
sizes, unless ‘<samp>--size-sort</samp>’ is also used in which case a
|
||
|
|
calculated size is displayed.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-s</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--print-armap</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-symbol-index_002c-listing"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping
|
||
|
|
(stored in the archive by <code>ar</code> or <code>ranlib</code>) of which modules
|
||
|
|
contain definitions for which names.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-t <var>radix</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--radix=<var>radix</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Use <var>radix</var> as the radix for printing the symbol values. It must be
|
||
|
|
‘<samp>d</samp>’ for decimal, ‘<samp>o</samp>’ for octal, or ‘<samp>x</samp>’ for hexadecimal.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-u</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--undefined-only</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-external-symbols-1"></a>
|
||
|
|
<a name="index-undefined-symbols"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file).
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-V</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--version</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Show the version number of <code>nm</code> and exit.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-X</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>This option is ignored for compatibility with the AIX version of
|
||
|
|
<code>nm</code>. It takes one parameter which must be the string
|
||
|
|
<samp>32_64</samp>. The default mode of AIX <code>nm</code> corresponds
|
||
|
|
to <samp>-X 32</samp>, which is not supported by <small>GNU</small> <code>nm</code>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--defined-only</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-external-symbols-2"></a>
|
||
|
|
<a name="index-undefined-symbols-1"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Display only defined symbols for each object file.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--plugin <var>name</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-plugins-1"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Load the plugin called <var>name</var> to add support for extra target
|
||
|
|
types. This option is only available if the toolchain has been built
|
||
|
|
with plugin support enabled.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>If <samp>--plugin</samp> is not provided, but plugin support has been
|
||
|
|
enabled then <code>nm</code> iterates over the files in
|
||
|
|
<samp>${libdir}/bfd-plugins</samp> in alphabetic order and the first
|
||
|
|
plugin that claims the object in question is used.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Please note that this plugin search directory is <em>not</em> the one
|
||
|
|
used by <code>ld</code>’s <samp>-plugin</samp> option. In order to make
|
||
|
|
<code>nm</code> use the linker plugin it must be copied into the
|
||
|
|
<samp>${libdir}/bfd-plugins</samp> directory. For GCC based compilations
|
||
|
|
the linker plugin is called <samp>liblto_plugin.so.0.0.0</samp>. For Clang
|
||
|
|
based compilations it is called <samp>LLVMgold.so</samp>. The GCC plugin
|
||
|
|
is always backwards compatible with earlier versions, so it is
|
||
|
|
sufficient to just copy the newest one.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--size-sort</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Sort symbols by size. For ELF objects symbol sizes are read from the
|
||
|
|
ELF, for other object types the symbol sizes are computed as the
|
||
|
|
difference between the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol
|
||
|
|
with the next higher value. If the <code>bsd</code> output format is used
|
||
|
|
the size of the symbol is printed, rather than the value, and
|
||
|
|
‘<samp>-S</samp>’ must be used in order both size and value to be printed.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--special-syms</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Display symbols which have a target-specific special meaning. These
|
||
|
|
symbols are usually used by the target for some special processing and
|
||
|
|
are not normally helpful when included in the normal symbol lists.
|
||
|
|
For example for ARM targets this option would skip the mapping symbols
|
||
|
|
used to mark transitions between ARM code, THUMB code and data.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--synthetic</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Include synthetic symbols in the output. These are special symbols
|
||
|
|
created by the linker for various purposes. They are not shown by
|
||
|
|
default since they are not part of the binary’s original source code.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--with-symbol-versions</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Enables the display of symbol version information if any exists. The
|
||
|
|
version string is displayed as a suffix to the symbol name, preceeded by
|
||
|
|
an @ character. For example ‘<samp>foo@VER_1</samp>’. If the version is
|
||
|
|
the default version to be used when resolving unversioned references
|
||
|
|
to the symbol then it is displayed as a suffix preceeded by two @
|
||
|
|
characters. For example ‘<samp>foo@@VER_2</samp>’.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--target=<var>bfdname</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-object-code-format"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Specify an object code format other than your system’s default format.
|
||
|
|
See <a href="Target-Selection.html#Target-Selection">Target Selection</a>, for more information.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
</dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<hr>
|
||
|
|
<div class="header">
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Next: <a href="objcopy.html#objcopy" accesskey="n" rel="next">objcopy</a>, Previous: <a href="ar.html#ar" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ar</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
</html>
|