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163 lines
7.5 KiB
HTML
163 lines
7.5 KiB
HTML
4 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- Copyright (C) 1991-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
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-->
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.4, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>ar (GNU Binary Utilities)</title>
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<meta name="description" content="ar (GNU Binary Utilities)">
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<meta name="keywords" content="ar (GNU Binary Utilities)">
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<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
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<meta name="distribution" content="global">
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<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" rel="index" title="Binutils Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="up" title="Top">
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<link href="ar-cmdline.html#ar-cmdline" rel="next" title="ar cmdline">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="prev" title="Top">
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</head>
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<body lang="en">
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<a name="ar"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="nm.html#nm" accesskey="n" rel="next">nm</a>, Previous: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Top</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="ar-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">1 ar</h2>
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<a name="index-ar"></a>
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<a name="index-archives"></a>
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<a name="index-collections-of-files"></a>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">ar [-]<var>p</var>[<var>mod</var>] [<samp>--plugin</samp> <var>name</var>] [<samp>--target</samp> <var>bfdname</var>] [<var>relpos</var>] [<var>count</var>] <var>archive</var> [<var>member</var>…]
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ar -M [ <mri-script ]
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</pre></div>
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<p>The <small>GNU</small> <code>ar</code> program creates, modifies, and extracts from
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archives. An <em>archive</em> is a single file holding a collection of
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other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve
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the original individual files (called <em>members</em> of the archive).
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</p>
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<p>The original files’ contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
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group are preserved in the archive, and can be restored on
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extraction.
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</p>
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<a name="index-name-length"></a>
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<p><small>GNU</small> <code>ar</code> can maintain archives whose members have names of any
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length; however, depending on how <code>ar</code> is configured on your
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system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed for compatibility
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with archive formats maintained with other tools. If it exists, the
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limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
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characters (typical of formats related to coff).
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</p>
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<a name="index-libraries"></a>
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<p><code>ar</code> is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
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are most often used as <em>libraries</em> holding commonly needed
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subroutines.
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</p>
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<a name="index-symbol-index"></a>
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<p><code>ar</code> creates an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
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object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier ‘<samp>s</samp>’.
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Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever <code>ar</code>
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makes a change to its contents (save for the ‘<samp>q</samp>’ update operation).
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An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
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allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
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their placement in the archive.
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</p>
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<p>You may use ‘<samp>nm -s</samp>’ or ‘<samp>nm --print-armap</samp>’ to list this index
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table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of <code>ar</code> called
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<code>ranlib</code> can be used to add just the table.
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</p>
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<a name="index-thin-archives"></a>
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<p><small>GNU</small> <code>ar</code> can optionally create a <em>thin</em> archive,
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which contains a symbol index and references to the original copies
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of the member files of the archive. This is useful for building
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libraries for use within a local build tree, where the relocatable
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objects are expected to remain available, and copying the contents of
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each object would only waste time and space.
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</p>
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<p>An archive can either be <em>thin</em> or it can be normal. It cannot
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be both at the same time. Once an archive is created its format
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cannot be changed without first deleting it and then creating a new
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archive in its place.
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</p>
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<p>Thin archives are also <em>flattened</em>, so that adding one thin
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archive to another thin archive does not nest it, as would happen with
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a normal archive. Instead the elements of the first archive are added
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individually to the second archive.
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</p>
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<p>The paths to the elements of the archive are stored relative to the
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archive itself.
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</p>
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<a name="index-compatibility_002c-ar"></a>
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<a name="index-ar-compatibility"></a>
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<p><small>GNU</small> <code>ar</code> is designed to be compatible with two different
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facilities. You can control its activity using command-line options,
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like the different varieties of <code>ar</code> on Unix systems; or, if you
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specify the single command-line option <samp>-M</samp>, you can control it
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with a script supplied via standard input, like the MRI “librarian”
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program.
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</p>
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<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="ar-cmdline.html#ar-cmdline" accesskey="1">ar cmdline</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling <code>ar</code> on the command line
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="ar-scripts.html#ar-scripts" accesskey="2">ar scripts</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling <code>ar</code> with a script
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</td></tr>
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</table>
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<hr>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="nm.html#nm" accesskey="n" rel="next">nm</a>, Previous: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Top</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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