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423 lines
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423 lines
19 KiB
HTML
4 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- Copyright (C) 1991-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
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-->
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.4, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>ar cmdline (GNU Binary Utilities)</title>
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<meta name="description" content="ar cmdline (GNU Binary Utilities)">
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<meta name="keywords" content="ar cmdline (GNU Binary Utilities)">
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<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
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<meta name="distribution" content="global">
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<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" rel="index" title="Binutils Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="ar.html#ar" rel="up" title="ar">
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<link href="ar-scripts.html#ar-scripts" rel="next" title="ar scripts">
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<link href="ar.html#ar" rel="prev" title="ar">
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<style type="text/css">
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</head>
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<body lang="en">
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<a name="ar-cmdline"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="ar-scripts.html#ar-scripts" accesskey="n" rel="next">ar scripts</a>, Up: <a href="ar.html#ar" accesskey="u" rel="up">ar</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="Controlling-ar-on-the-Command-Line"></a>
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<h3 class="section">1.1 Controlling <code>ar</code> on the Command Line</h3>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">ar [<samp>-X32_64</samp>] [<samp>-</samp>]<var>p</var>[<var>mod</var>] [<samp>--plugin</samp> <var>name</var>] [<samp>--target</samp> <var>bfdname</var>] [<var>relpos</var>] [<var>count</var>] <var>archive</var> [<var>member</var>…]
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</pre></div>
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<a name="index-Unix-compatibility_002c-ar"></a>
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<p>When you use <code>ar</code> in the Unix style, <code>ar</code> insists on at least two
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arguments to execute: one keyletter specifying the <em>operation</em>
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(optionally accompanied by other keyletters specifying
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<em>modifiers</em>), and the archive name to act on.
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</p>
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<p>Most operations can also accept further <var>member</var> arguments,
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specifying particular files to operate on.
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</p>
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<p><small>GNU</small> <code>ar</code> allows you to mix the operation code <var>p</var> and modifier
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flags <var>mod</var> in any order, within the first command-line argument.
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</p>
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<p>If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
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dash.
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</p>
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<a name="index-operations-on-archive"></a>
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<p>The <var>p</var> keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
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any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt>‘<samp>d</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-deleting-from-archive"></a>
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<p><em>Delete</em> modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
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be deleted as <var>member</var>…; the archive is untouched if you
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specify no files to delete.
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</p>
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<p>If you specify the ‘<samp>v</samp>’ modifier, <code>ar</code> lists each module
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as it is deleted.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>m</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-moving-in-archive"></a>
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<p>Use this operation to <em>move</em> members in an archive.
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</p>
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<p>The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
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programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
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than one member.
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</p>
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<p>If no modifiers are used with <code>m</code>, any members you name in the
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<var>member</var> arguments are moved to the <em>end</em> of the archive;
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you can use the ‘<samp>a</samp>’, ‘<samp>b</samp>’, or ‘<samp>i</samp>’ modifiers to move them to a
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specified place instead.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>p</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-printing-from-archive"></a>
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<p><em>Print</em> the specified members of the archive, to the standard
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output file. If the ‘<samp>v</samp>’ modifier is specified, show the member
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name before copying its contents to standard output.
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</p>
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<p>If you specify no <var>member</var> arguments, all the files in the archive are
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printed.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>q</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-quick-append-to-archive"></a>
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<p><em>Quick append</em>; Historically, add the files <var>member</var>… to the end of
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<var>archive</var>, without checking for replacement.
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</p>
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<p>The modifiers ‘<samp>a</samp>’, ‘<samp>b</samp>’, and ‘<samp>i</samp>’ do <em>not</em> affect this
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operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
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</p>
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<p>The modifier ‘<samp>v</samp>’ makes <code>ar</code> list each file as it is appended.
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</p>
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<p>Since the point of this operation is speed, implementations of
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<code>ar</code> have the option of not updating the archive’s symbol
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table if one exists. Too many different systems however assume that
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symbol tables are always up-to-date, so <small>GNU</small> <code>ar</code> will
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rebuild the table even with a quick append.
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</p>
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<p>Note - <small>GNU</small> <code>ar</code> treats the command ‘<samp>qs</samp>’ as a
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synonym for ‘<samp>r</samp>’ - replacing already existing files in the
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archive and appending new ones at the end.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>r</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-replacement-in-archive"></a>
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<p>Insert the files <var>member</var>… into <var>archive</var> (with
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<em>replacement</em>). This operation differs from ‘<samp>q</samp>’ in that any
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previously existing members are deleted if their names match those being
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added.
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</p>
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<p>If one of the files named in <var>member</var>… does not exist, <code>ar</code>
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displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
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of the archive matching that name.
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</p>
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<p>By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
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use one of the modifiers ‘<samp>a</samp>’, ‘<samp>b</samp>’, or ‘<samp>i</samp>’ to request
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placement relative to some existing member.
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</p>
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<p>The modifier ‘<samp>v</samp>’ used with this operation elicits a line of
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output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters ‘<samp>a</samp>’ or
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‘<samp>r</samp>’ to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
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deleted) or replaced.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>s</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-ranlib"></a>
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<p>Add an index to the archive, or update it if it already exists. Note
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this command is an exception to the rule that there can only be one
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command letter, as it is possible to use it as either a command or a
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modifier. In either case it does the same thing.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>t</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-contents-of-archive"></a>
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<p>Display a <em>table</em> listing the contents of <var>archive</var>, or those
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of the files listed in <var>member</var>… that are present in the
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archive. Normally only the member name is shown, but if the modifier
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‘<samp>O</samp>’ is specified, then the corresponding offset of the member is also
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displayed. Finally, in order to see the modes (permissions), timestamp,
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owner, group, and size the ‘<samp>v</samp>’ modifier should be included.
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</p>
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<p>If you do not specify a <var>member</var>, all files in the archive
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are listed.
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</p>
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<a name="index-repeated-names-in-archive"></a>
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<a name="index-name-duplication-in-archive"></a>
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<p>If there is more than one file with the same name (say, ‘<samp>fie</samp>’) in
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an archive (say ‘<samp>b.a</samp>’), ‘<samp>ar t b.a fie</samp>’ lists only the
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first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
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listing—in our example, ‘<samp>ar t b.a</samp>’.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>x</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-extract-from-archive"></a>
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<p><em>Extract</em> members (named <var>member</var>) from the archive. You can
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use the ‘<samp>v</samp>’ modifier with this operation, to request that
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<code>ar</code> list each name as it extracts it.
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</p>
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<p>If you do not specify a <var>member</var>, all files in the archive
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are extracted.
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</p>
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<p>Files cannot be extracted from a thin archive.
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<p>A number of modifiers (<var>mod</var>) may immediately follow the <var>p</var>
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keyletter, to specify variations on an operation’s behavior:
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt>‘<samp>a</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-relative-placement-in-archive"></a>
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<p>Add new files <em>after</em> an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier ‘<samp>a</samp>’, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the <var>relpos</var> argument, before the
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<var>archive</var> specification.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>b</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>Add new files <em>before</em> an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier ‘<samp>b</samp>’, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the <var>relpos</var> argument, before the
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<var>archive</var> specification. (same as ‘<samp>i</samp>’).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>c</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-creating-archives"></a>
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<p><em>Create</em> the archive. The specified <var>archive</var> is always
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created if it did not exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
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issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
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using this modifier.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>D</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-deterministic-archives"></a>
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<a name="index-_002d_002denable_002ddeterministic_002darchives"></a>
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<p>Operate in <em>deterministic</em> mode. When adding files and the archive
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index use zero for UIDs, GIDs, timestamps, and use consistent file modes
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for all files. When this option is used, if <code>ar</code> is used with
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identical options and identical input files, multiple runs will create
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identical output files regardless of the input files’ owners, groups,
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file modes, or modification times.
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</p>
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<p>If <samp>binutils</samp> was configured with
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<samp>--enable-deterministic-archives</samp>, then this mode is on by default.
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It can be disabled with the ‘<samp>U</samp>’ modifier, below.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>f</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>Truncate names in the archive. <small>GNU</small> <code>ar</code> will normally permit file
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names of any length. This will cause it to create archives which are
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not compatible with the native <code>ar</code> program on some systems. If
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this is a concern, the ‘<samp>f</samp>’ modifier may be used to truncate file
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names when putting them in the archive.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>i</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>Insert new files <em>before</em> an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier ‘<samp>i</samp>’, the name of an existing archive
|
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member must be present as the <var>relpos</var> argument, before the
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<var>archive</var> specification. (same as ‘<samp>b</samp>’).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>l</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>This modifier is accepted but not used.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>N</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>Uses the <var>count</var> parameter. This is used if there are multiple
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entries in the archive with the same name. Extract or delete instance
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<var>count</var> of the given name from the archive.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>o</samp>’</dt>
|
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<dd><a name="index-dates-in-archive"></a>
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<p>Preserve the <em>original</em> dates of members when extracting them. If
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you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
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are stamped with the time of extraction.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>O</samp>’</dt>
|
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<dd><a name="index-offsets-of-files"></a>
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<p>Display member offsets inside the archive. Use together with the ‘<samp>t</samp>’
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option.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>P</samp>’</dt>
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|
|
<dd><p>Use the full path name when matching names in the archive. <small>GNU</small>
|
||
|
|
<code>ar</code> can not create an archive with a full path name (such archives
|
||
|
|
are not POSIX complaint), but other archive creators can. This option
|
||
|
|
will cause <small>GNU</small> <code>ar</code> to match file names using a complete path
|
||
|
|
name, which can be convenient when extracting a single file from an
|
||
|
|
archive created by another tool.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>s</samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-writing-archive-index"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
|
||
|
|
even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
|
||
|
|
flag either with any operation, or alone. Running ‘<samp>ar s</samp>’ on an
|
||
|
|
archive is equivalent to running ‘<samp>ranlib</samp>’ on it.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>S</samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-not-writing-archive-index"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Do not generate an archive symbol table. This can speed up building a
|
||
|
|
large library in several steps. The resulting archive can not be used
|
||
|
|
with the linker. In order to build a symbol table, you must omit the
|
||
|
|
‘<samp>S</samp>’ modifier on the last execution of ‘<samp>ar</samp>’, or you must run
|
||
|
|
‘<samp>ranlib</samp>’ on the archive.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>T</samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-creating-thin-archive"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Make the specified <var>archive</var> a <em>thin</em> archive. If it already
|
||
|
|
exists and is a regular archive, the existing members must be present
|
||
|
|
in the same directory as <var>archive</var>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>u</samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-updating-an-archive"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Normally, ‘<samp>ar r</samp>’… inserts all files
|
||
|
|
listed into the archive. If you would like to insert <em>only</em> those
|
||
|
|
of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
|
||
|
|
names, use this modifier. The ‘<samp>u</samp>’ modifier is allowed only for the
|
||
|
|
operation ‘<samp>r</samp>’ (replace). In particular, the combination ‘<samp>qu</samp>’ is
|
||
|
|
not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
|
||
|
|
advantage from the operation ‘<samp>q</samp>’.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>U</samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-deterministic-archives-1"></a>
|
||
|
|
<a name="index-_002d_002denable_002ddeterministic_002darchives-1"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>Do <em>not</em> operate in <em>deterministic</em> mode. This is the inverse
|
||
|
|
of the ‘<samp>D</samp>’ modifier, above: added files and the archive index will
|
||
|
|
get their actual UID, GID, timestamp, and file mode values.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>This is the default unless <samp>binutils</samp> was configured with
|
||
|
|
<samp>--enable-deterministic-archives</samp>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>v</samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>This modifier requests the <em>verbose</em> version of an operation. Many
|
||
|
|
operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
|
||
|
|
when the modifier ‘<samp>v</samp>’ is appended.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>V</samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>This modifier shows the version number of <code>ar</code>.
|
||
|
|
</p></dd>
|
||
|
|
</dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>The <code>ar</code> program also supports some command-line options which
|
||
|
|
are neither modifiers nor actions, but which do change its behaviour
|
||
|
|
in specific ways:
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>--help</samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Displays the list of command-line options supported by <code>ar</code>
|
||
|
|
and then exits.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>--version</samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Displays the version information of <code>ar</code> and then exits.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>-X32_64</samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p><code>ar</code> ignores an initial option spelt ‘<samp>-X32_64</samp>’, for
|
||
|
|
compatibility with AIX. The behaviour produced by this option is the
|
||
|
|
default for <small>GNU</small> <code>ar</code>. <code>ar</code> does not support any
|
||
|
|
of the other ‘<samp>-X</samp>’ options; in particular, it does not support
|
||
|
|
<samp>-X32</samp> which is the default for AIX <code>ar</code>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>--plugin <var>name</var></samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><a name="index-plugins"></a>
|
||
|
|
<p>The optional command-line switch <samp>--plugin <var>name</var></samp> causes
|
||
|
|
<code>ar</code> to load the plugin called <var>name</var> which adds support
|
||
|
|
for more file formats, including object files with link-time
|
||
|
|
optimization information.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>This option is only available if the toolchain has been built with
|
||
|
|
plugin support enabled.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>If <samp>--plugin</samp> is not provided, but plugin support has been
|
||
|
|
enabled then <code>ar</code> iterates over the files in
|
||
|
|
<samp>${libdir}/bfd-plugins</samp> in alphabetic order and the first
|
||
|
|
plugin that claims the object in question is used.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Please note that this plugin search directory is <em>not</em> the one
|
||
|
|
used by <code>ld</code>’s <samp>-plugin</samp> option. In order to make
|
||
|
|
<code>ar</code> use the linker plugin it must be copied into the
|
||
|
|
<samp>${libdir}/bfd-plugins</samp> directory. For GCC based compilations
|
||
|
|
the linker plugin is called <samp>liblto_plugin.so.0.0.0</samp>. For Clang
|
||
|
|
based compilations it is called <samp>LLVMgold.so</samp>. The GCC plugin
|
||
|
|
is always backwards compatible with earlier versions, so it is
|
||
|
|
sufficient to just copy the newest one.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>--target <var>target</var></samp>’</dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>The optional command-line switch <samp>--target <var>bfdname</var></samp>
|
||
|
|
specifies that the archive members are in an object code format
|
||
|
|
different from your system’s default format. See
|
||
|
|
See <a href="Target-Selection.html#Target-Selection">Target Selection</a>, for more information.
|
||
|
|
</p></dd>
|
||
|
|
</dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<hr>
|
||
|
|
<div class="header">
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Next: <a href="ar-scripts.html#ar-scripts" accesskey="n" rel="next">ar scripts</a>, Up: <a href="ar.html#ar" accesskey="u" rel="up">ar</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
</html>
|