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164 lines
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164 lines
6.5 KiB
HTML
4 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".
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Copyright (C) 1991-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
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-->
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.4, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>Nios II Relocations (Using as)</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Nios II Relocations (Using as)">
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<meta name="keywords" content="Nios II Relocations (Using as)">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" rel="index" title="AS Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="NiosII_002dDependent.html#NiosII_002dDependent" rel="up" title="NiosII-Dependent">
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<link href="Nios-II-Directives.html#Nios-II-Directives" rel="next" title="Nios II Directives">
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<link href="Nios-II-Chars.html#Nios-II-Chars" rel="prev" title="Nios II Chars">
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</style>
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</head>
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<body lang="en">
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<a name="Nios-II-Relocations"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Nios-II-Directives.html#Nios-II-Directives" accesskey="n" rel="next">Nios II Directives</a>, Previous: <a href="Nios-II-Syntax.html#Nios-II-Syntax" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Nios II Syntax</a>, Up: <a href="NiosII_002dDependent.html#NiosII_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">NiosII-Dependent</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="Nios-II-Machine-Relocations"></a>
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<h4 class="subsection">9.30.3 Nios II Machine Relocations</h4>
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<a name="index-machine-relocations_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-Nios-II-machine-relocations"></a>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dd><a name="index-hiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>%hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Extract the upper 16 bits of <var>expression</var> and add
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one if the 15th bit is set.
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</p>
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<p>The value of <code>%hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code> is:
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</p><div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">((<var>expression</var> >> 16) & 0xffff) + ((<var>expression</var> >> 15) & 0x01)
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</pre></div>
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<p>The <code>%hiadj</code> relocation is intended to be used with
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the <code>addi</code>, <code>ld</code> or <code>st</code> instructions
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along with a <code>%lo</code>, in order to load a 32-bit constant.
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</p>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">movhi r2, %hiadj(symbol)
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addi r2, r2, %lo(symbol)
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</pre></div>
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<a name="index-hi-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>%hi(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Extract the upper 16 bits of <var>expression</var>.
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</p>
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<a name="index-lo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>%lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Extract the lower 16 bits of <var>expression</var>.
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</p>
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<a name="index-gprel-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>%gprel(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Subtract the value of the symbol <code>_gp</code> from
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<var>expression</var>.
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</p>
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<p>The intention of the <code>%gprel</code> relocation is
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to have a fast small area of memory which only
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takes a 16-bit immediate to access.
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</p>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample"> .section .sdata
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fastint:
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.int 123
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.section .text
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ldw r4, %gprel(fastint)(gp)
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</pre></div>
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<a name="index-call-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-call_005flo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-call_005fhiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-got-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-got_005flo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-got_005fhiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-gotoff-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-gotoff_005flo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-gotoff_005fhiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-tls_005fgd-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-tls_005fie-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-tls_005fle-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-tls_005fldm-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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<a name="index-tls_005fldo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>%call(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%call_lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%call_hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%got(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%got_lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%got_hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%gotoff(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%gotoff_lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%gotoff_hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%tls_gd(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%tls_ie(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%tls_le(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%tls_ldm(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dt><code>%tls_ldo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>These relocations support the ABI for Linux Systems documented in the
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<cite>Nios II Processor Reference Handbook</cite>.
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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</body>
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</html>
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