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116 lines
5.9 KiB
HTML
116 lines
5.9 KiB
HTML
4 years ago
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<title>Xtensa Immediate Relaxation - Using as</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
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<meta name="description" content="Using as">
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<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
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<link rel="up" href="Xtensa-Relaxation.html#Xtensa-Relaxation" title="Xtensa Relaxation">
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<link rel="prev" href="Xtensa-Jump-Relaxation.html#Xtensa-Jump-Relaxation" title="Xtensa Jump Relaxation">
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<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
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<!--
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This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".
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Copyright (C) 1991-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
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<style type="text/css"><!--
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pre.display { font-family:inherit }
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pre.format { font-family:inherit }
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pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
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pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
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pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
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span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
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span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
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span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
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--></style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="node">
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<a name="Xtensa-Immediate-Relaxation"></a>
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<p>
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Xtensa-Jump-Relaxation.html#Xtensa-Jump-Relaxation">Xtensa Jump Relaxation</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Xtensa-Relaxation.html#Xtensa-Relaxation">Xtensa Relaxation</a>
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<hr>
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</div>
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<h5 class="subsubsection">9.52.4.4 Other Immediate Field Relaxation</h5>
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<p><a name="index-immediate-fields_002c-relaxation-2472"></a><a name="index-relaxation-of-immediate-fields-2473"></a>
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The assembler normally performs the following other relaxations. They
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can be disabled by using underscore prefixes (see <a href="Xtensa-Opcodes.html#Xtensa-Opcodes">Opcode Names</a>), the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--no-transform</span></samp>’ command-line option
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(see <a href="Xtensa-Options.html#Xtensa-Options">Command Line Options</a>), or the
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<code>no-transform</code> directive (see <a href="Transform-Directive.html#Transform-Directive">transform</a>).
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<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bMOVI_007d-instructions_002c-relaxation-2474"></a><a name="index-relaxation-of-_0040code_007bMOVI_007d-instructions-2475"></a>The <code>MOVI</code> machine instruction can only materialize values in the
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range from -2048 to 2047. Values outside this range are best
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materialized with <code>L32R</code> instructions. Thus:
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<pre class="smallexample"> movi a0, 100000
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</pre>
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<p>is assembled into the following machine code:
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<pre class="smallexample"> .literal .L1, 100000
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l32r a0, .L1
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</pre>
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<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bL8UI_007d-instructions_002c-relaxation-2476"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bL16SI_007d-instructions_002c-relaxation-2477"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bL16UI_007d-instructions_002c-relaxation-2478"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bL32I_007d-instructions_002c-relaxation-2479"></a><a name="index-relaxation-of-_0040code_007bL8UI_007d-instructions-2480"></a><a name="index-relaxation-of-_0040code_007bL16SI_007d-instructions-2481"></a><a name="index-relaxation-of-_0040code_007bL16UI_007d-instructions-2482"></a><a name="index-relaxation-of-_0040code_007bL32I_007d-instructions-2483"></a>The <code>L8UI</code> machine instruction can only be used with immediate
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offsets in the range from 0 to 255. The <code>L16SI</code> and <code>L16UI</code>
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machine instructions can only be used with offsets from 0 to 510. The
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<code>L32I</code> machine instruction can only be used with offsets from 0 to
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1020. A load offset outside these ranges can be materialized with
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an <code>L32R</code> instruction if the destination register of the load
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is different than the source address register. For example:
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<pre class="smallexample"> l32i a1, a0, 2040
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</pre>
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<p>is translated to:
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<pre class="smallexample"> .literal .L1, 2040
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l32r a1, .L1
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add a1, a0, a1
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l32i a1, a1, 0
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</pre>
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<p class="noindent">If the load destination and source address register are the same, an
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out-of-range offset causes an error.
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<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bADDI_007d-instructions_002c-relaxation-2484"></a><a name="index-relaxation-of-_0040code_007bADDI_007d-instructions-2485"></a>The Xtensa <code>ADDI</code> instruction only allows immediate operands in the
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range from -128 to 127. There are a number of alternate instruction
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sequences for the <code>ADDI</code> operation. First, if the
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immediate is 0, the <code>ADDI</code> will be turned into a <code>MOV.N</code>
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instruction (or the equivalent <code>OR</code> instruction if the code density
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option is not available). If the <code>ADDI</code> immediate is outside of
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the range -128 to 127, but inside the range -32896 to 32639, an
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<code>ADDMI</code> instruction or <code>ADDMI</code>/<code>ADDI</code> sequence will be
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used. Finally, if the immediate is outside of this range and a free
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register is available, an <code>L32R</code>/<code>ADD</code> sequence will be used
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with a literal allocated from the literal pool.
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<p>For example:
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<pre class="smallexample"> addi a5, a6, 0
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addi a5, a6, 512
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addi a5, a6, 513
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addi a5, a6, 50000
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</pre>
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<p>is assembled into the following:
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<pre class="smallexample"> .literal .L1, 50000
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mov.n a5, a6
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addmi a5, a6, 0x200
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addmi a5, a6, 0x200
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addi a5, a5, 1
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l32r a5, .L1
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add a5, a6, a5
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</pre>
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</body></html>
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