11.2 Implementation limits

CPP has a small number of internal limits. This section lists the limits which the C standard requires to be no lower than some minimum, and all the others known. It is intended that there should be as few limits as possible. If you encounter an undocumented or inconvenient limit, please report that as a bug. See Reporting Bugs in Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC).

Where we say something is limited only by available memory, that means that internal data structures impose no intrinsic limit, and space is allocated with malloc or equivalent. The actual limit will therefore depend on many things, such as the size of other things allocated by the compiler at the same time, the amount of memory consumed by other processes on the same computer, etc.

• Nesting levels of ‘#include’ files.

  We impose an arbitrary limit of 200 levels, to avoid runaway recursion. The standard requires at least 15 levels.

• Nesting levels of conditional inclusion.

  The C standard mandates this be at least 63. CPP is limited only by available memory.

• Levels of parenthesized expressions within a full expression.

  The C standard requires this to be at least 63. In preprocessor conditional expressions, it is limited only by available memory.

• Significant initial characters in an identifier or macro name.

  The preprocessor treats all characters as significant. The C standard requires only that the first 63 be significant.

• Number of macros simultaneously defined in a single translation unit.

  The standard requires at least 4095 be possible. CPP is limited only by available memory.

• Number of parameters in a macro definition and arguments in a macro call.

  We allow USHRT_MAX, which is no smaller than 65,535. The minimum required by the standard is 127.

• Number of characters on a logical source line.

  The C standard requires a minimum of 4096 be permitted. CPP places no limits on this, but you may get incorrect column numbers reported in diagnostics for lines longer than 65,535 characters.

• Maximum size of a source file.

  The standard does not specify any lower limit on the maximum size of a source file. GNU cpp maps files into memory, so it is limited by the available address space. This is generally at least two gigabytes. Depending on the operating system, the size of physical memory may or may not be a limitation.