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<h4 class="subsection">9.43.7 Math Builtins</h4>
<p><a name="index-math-builtins_002c-TIC54X-2058"></a><a name="index-TIC54X-builtin-math-functions-2059"></a><a name="index-builtin-math-functions_002c-TIC54X-2060"></a>
The following built-in functions may be used to generate a
floating-point value. All return a floating-point value except
‘<samp><span class="samp">$cvi</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">$int</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">$sgn</span></samp>’, which return an integer
value.
<a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024acos_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2061"></a>
<dl><dt><code>$acos(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point arccosine of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024asin_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2062"></a><br><dt><code>$asin(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point arcsine of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024atan_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2063"></a><br><dt><code>$atan(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point arctangent of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024atan2_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2064"></a><br><dt><code>$atan2(</code><var>expr1</var><code>,</code><var>expr2</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point arctangent of <var>expr1</var> / <var>expr2</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024ceil_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2065"></a><br><dt><code>$ceil(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the smallest integer not less than <var>expr</var> as floating point.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024cosh_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2066"></a><br><dt><code>$cosh(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point hyperbolic cosine of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024cos_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2067"></a><br><dt><code>$cos(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point cosine of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024cvf_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2068"></a><br><dt><code>$cvf(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the integer value <var>expr</var> converted to floating-point.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024cvi_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2069"></a><br><dt><code>$cvi(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point value <var>expr</var> converted to integer.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024exp_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2070"></a><br><dt><code>$exp(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point value e ^ <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024fabs_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2071"></a><br><dt><code>$fabs(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point absolute value of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024floor_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2072"></a><br><dt><code>$floor(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the largest integer that is not greater than <var>expr</var> as
floating point.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024fmod_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2073"></a><br><dt><code>$fmod(</code><var>expr1</var><code>,</code><var>expr2</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point remainder of <var>expr1</var> / <var>expr2</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024int_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2074"></a><br><dt><code>$int(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns 1 if <var>expr</var> evaluates to an integer, zero otherwise.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024ldexp_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2075"></a><br><dt><code>$ldexp(</code><var>expr1</var><code>,</code><var>expr2</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point value <var>expr1</var> * 2 ^ <var>expr2</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024log10_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2076"></a><br><dt><code>$log10(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the base 10 logarithm of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024log_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2077"></a><br><dt><code>$log(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the natural logarithm of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024max_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2078"></a><br><dt><code>$max(</code><var>expr1</var><code>,</code><var>expr2</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point maximum of <var>expr1</var> and <var>expr2</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024min_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2079"></a><br><dt><code>$min(</code><var>expr1</var><code>,</code><var>expr2</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point minimum of <var>expr1</var> and <var>expr2</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024pow_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2080"></a><br><dt><code>$pow(</code><var>expr1</var><code>,</code><var>expr2</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point value <var>expr1</var> ^ <var>expr2</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024round_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2081"></a><br><dt><code>$round(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the nearest integer to <var>expr</var> as a floating point number.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024sgn_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2082"></a><br><dt><code>$sgn(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns -1, 0, or 1 based on the sign of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024sin_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2083"></a><br><dt><code>$sin(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point sine of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024sinh_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2084"></a><br><dt><code>$sinh(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point hyperbolic sine of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024sqrt_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2085"></a><br><dt><code>$sqrt(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point square root of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024tan_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2086"></a><br><dt><code>$tan(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point tangent of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024tanh_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2087"></a><br><dt><code>$tanh(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point hyperbolic tangent of <var>expr</var>.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0024trunc_007d-math-builtin_002c-TIC54X-2088"></a><br><dt><code>$trunc(</code><var>expr</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the integer value of <var>expr</var> truncated towards zero as
floating point.
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